A new approach is proposed for modeling electromagnetic emissions of a printed circuit board (PCB) based on amplitude-only near-field measurement data. Magnetic dipoles placed over the top layer PCB are introduced as equivalent actual radiated sources. restarted optimization procedure differential evolution algorithm developed to determine parameters (number, position, and moment components) via minimizing difference between measured magnetic near field that by dipoles. These can be used...

An efficient method to extract equivalent radiated emission sources for printed circuit boards (PCBs) from near-field (NF) scanning data is presented. The are represented by elemental magnetic dipoles placed over a planar surface on the component side of PCB. A global optimization procedure, based differential evolution algorithm, used determine components each dipole moment, exploiting only magnitude scanned NF data. number and positions predetermined analyzing data, which radiation pattern...

A near-field scanning based equivalent dipole model is introduced to simplify the analysis of emission from an electronic component at its nearby receivers. The consists a set infinitesimal magnetic dipoles, with number, position, and moment dipoles being unknowns. nonlinear optimization problem in terms unknown parameters established through minimizing difference between magnitude fields obtained by radiation dipoles. difficult solve as number unknown. differential evolution method global...

A simple but efficient equivalent model of patch antennas is proposed for predicting the radiation pattern on large platforms. The constructed based mechanism a antenna. Only three design parameters need to be optimized, making more computationally than those dipole models general problems. After optimized with differential evolution (DE) algorithm, it further installed platform compute patterns. Simulation results show that patterns both single element and an array can accurately predicted...

In practice, the detailed geometry information of an off-the-shelf antenna is unavailable. To achieve estimation radio frequency interference to airborne patch with available information, this paper proposes utilize equivalent model antenna. The derived based on antenna's radiation pattern. It shows same radiating and scattering performances as original Since, no effective port or phase provided by model, reaction theorem was employed calculate without such information. Simulation...

This paper first briefly surveys the near-field scanning for antenna measurements, then focuses on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) applications. Key theories and practices are covered, some latest development open issues regarding EMC applications finally presented.

It is usually difficult to cater for multiple scattering and shadowing in the application of high-frequency asymptotic methods electromagnetic (EM) since this involves complicated geometrical computation. Efficient techniques with use dual flat representation target geometry are proposed overcome drawback. The facet formed by a set small triangular facets an additional relatively large facets. smaller used EM analysis so that approximation can be adopted avoid computation associated...

Urbanization has led to high-density living in many large modern cities like Singapore, which creates the challenge of reducing Urban Heat Island effect (UHI) and achieve higher liveability residential towns. In order study thermal comfort areas, a method that uses solar irradiance as criterion investigate is proposed. this method, surface temperatures urban areas are measured amount reaching surfaces predicted, hence correlation between incident on temperature may be made. Solar radiation...

The radiated emission from a device under test is predicted by using an equivalent dipole approach which based on amplitude-only near-field scanning. method needs minimizing objective function to determine the parameters of dipoles. usually exhibits many local minima, and this limits application optimization algorithms. A restarted differential evolution algorithm hence proposed overcome limitation. Experimental data are used verify presented approach.

Accuracy of urban positioning depends on the quality signals received by a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver that can be combination light sight, reflection and diffraction signals. The more sight are received, accurate achieved. To evaluate signal propagation thus availability GNSS satellites in environments, ray-tracing based modelling technique is proposed predict together with 3D city model. developed techniques validated against in-situ measurements areas different scenarios.

This paper proposes to analyze SWAs on large platforms using an equivalent model of the SWAs. Based Huygens' principle, magnetic currents, derived from tangential electric field measured along slot, are placed slot. The SWA is then a conducting cavity with current source which can be modeled integral equation. proposed method avoids modeling complex structures in waveguide. It also allows analysis without knowing detailed design inside waveguide, important when only limited information...

Based on the ray analysis of monopole excitation, this work proposes a linear model transmission coefficients against logarithm distance between antennas electrically large cylindrical surfaces. The is determined by using two sample data, and it then used to predict coefficient antennas. Given desired level coefficient, can be calculated spatial model, which useful for placement Simulation results are presented illustrate effectiveness proposed model.

This paper addresses the issue of isolation analysis slotted waveguide antennas (SWAs) when their detailed structures are unavailable. A surrogate model, built from information about radiation patterns, was usually employed for this purpose. It reproduced far/near fields original antenna, but failed to provide port and phase which essential calculation. work fills above gap by exploiting reaction theorem with certain approximations. The proposed method enables in absence SWA, is useful...

This paper proposes an efficient method for simulating the radiated immunity of printed circuit board (PCB) with arbitrarily oriented traces. Existing methods usually deal plane wave excited PCB simple configuration, which a SPICE model can be analytically derived. Nevertheless, it is difficult to develop whose traces are oriented. In this work, divided into small segments. obtained by connecting equivalent circuits all Meanwhile, incident field converted distributed current and voltage...

Conventional source reconstruction techniques based on the equivalent current model for near-to-far-field transformation need knowledge of near-field (NF) phase. They involve solving an ill-posted problem, and uniqueness solution to inverse problem is not guaranteed. Adding a regularization term may help eliminate drawback. However, can be affected by choice parameters. A differential evolution algorithm technique presented prediction electromagnetic radiated emissions using NF data. The use...

Summary form only given: Installed radiation pattern and isolation are critical performance indicators for antennas on large platforms. Prediction of these is highly desirable antenna placement. Conventional simulation methods require a detailed geometric model the to be mounted which is, in practice, unavailable from antenna's datasheets. This talk will introduce an effective efficient equivalent method analysis two types airborne - patch slotted waveguide (SWA) with information available...

This paper presents a system-level modeling method by integrating analytical and numerical methods to analyze conducted radiated electromagnetic immunity of electronic systems. Through extracting the intrinsic behavioural characteristics from cables, PCBA (board, traces, vias, connectors components) enclosure using semi-analytical method, one equivalent circuit model is built which capable simulating transient/AC responses crosstalk under and/or interference. A computer aided modelling...

In this article, we present the system development of Virtual EMC Lab ("Virtual Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory"). It is a toolkit developed for electronic and electric product/system design, modelling, simulation, analysis, diagnosis assessment tailored to electromagnetic compatibility problems. The includes solid modelling front-end which simplifies geometrical structure equipment under test (EUT), analytical numerical solvers different applications, visualization tools. dedicated...

In this work, a compact antenna which can be used for Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) indoor localization is designed and simulated. Its performances are analyzed.

Abstract An approach that combines the integral equation (IE) method with a generalized image technique (GIT) is proposed for modeling radio wave propagation inside an electrically large and imperfectly conducting closed environment. The electric current distribution on transmit antenna solved of moment procedure expressed as weighted sum basis functions. Each function small dimension thought subtransmitter. GIT introduced to compute single multiple reflections by walls due radiation from...

In this paper, an effective method is presented for predicting the isolation between airborne antennas without knowing their detailed geometry and media information. Equivalent models requiring merely radiation patterns were employed in method. However, they cannot provide port (terminal) phase information which crucial to calculation. order fill gaps, reaction theorem proposed by Richmond was as well several approximations, enable calculation of designating equivalent model. Numerical...

An effective technique combining high-frequency (HF) asymptotic methods with the integral equation method via a novel current-based hybrid scheme is proposed for analysis of antenna-platform problems. The employs relatively large full-wave region accurate modeling antenna current distribution. then divided into two parts, one them including antennas and small portion platform surrounding antennas. Only part containing used in computation coupling between currents HF regions. Thus, long CPU...