Female labours are quite cheap and easily available for farming activities, management responsibilities, livestock rearing etc. These unsung warriors played an important role in agriculture, as they have absorbed 2/3rd of total workforce required. Though the women agriculture remained 'Invisible Workers' throughout all these years. West Bengal is such a major agricultural state India, where activities rural remain unacknowledged mostly. According to last census report (census 2011), female...

This study examines gender disparities in agricultural work participation across West Bengal from the 1960s to 2011, revealing consistently higher male engagement with significant regional variations. Districts such as Purulia, Hooghly, Bardhaman, and Bankura recorded female participation, whereas urbanized areas like Howrah, Nadia, 24-Parganas showed lower involvement. The Work Participation Rate (WPR) agriculture peaked 1980s but declined thereafter, reflecting economic diversification a...

Accurately predicting the number of faults in program modules is a major problem quality control large software system. The authors' technique to fit nonlinear regression model module (dependent variable) terms appropriate metrics. This be used at beginning test phase development. aim not build definitive model, but investigate and evaluate performance four estimation techniques determine parameters. Two empirical examples are presented. Results from average relative error (ARE) values...

Summary Small sample and large properties of the bundle strength parallel filaments studied earlier by Daniels (1945) Sen, Bhattacharyya, Suh (1969) have been developed here probabilistic argument. The statistics belong to a family or class statistics, each which forms reverse semi-martingale sequence. Certain moment are also discussed.

For a sequence of random variables forming an $m$-dependent stochastic process (not necessarily stationary), asymptotic distribution and other convergence properties the extremum certain functions empirical are studied. In this context, it is shown that probability classical Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic exceeding any positive real number provides upper bound for corresponding when underlying not identically distributed. The theory specifically applied to study limiting distribution, strong...

A binomial-type operator on a stationary Gaussian process is introduced in order to model long memory the spatial context. Consistent estimators of parameters are demonstrated. In particular, it shown that $\hat{d}_{N}-d=O_{P}(\frac{(\operatorname{Log}N)^{3}}{N})$, where d=(d1,d2) denotes parameter.

Micro-electro-discharge drilling ([Formula: see text]EDD) is a type of non-traditional machining process used for micro-holes desired dimensions with high aspect ratio. But, there are no such research works that could have explained the accurate circular shape micro-holes. The need more advanced hybrid to improve overall efficiency in terms mainly and radial overcut evolved. In this work, an electromagnetic field force-assisted micro-EDM has been carried out on Inconel 800 copper tool...

Wheat is one of the most important staple food grains human for centuries. It has a special place in Indian economy because its significance security, trade and industry. This study made an attempt to model forecast production wheat India by using annual time series data from 1961–2013. Parametric regression, exponential smoothing Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were employed compared finding out appropriate econometric capture trend country. The best fitted was...

Agricultural development policies in India have aimed at reducing hunger, food insecurity, malnourishment and poverty a rapid rate.The present work is designed with specific objectives to study the trend analysis of rice, wheat total grain for period starting from 1950-2019.For stochastic model estimation, time series parametric regression models i.e.Linear model, Quadratic Exponential Logarithmic Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) explanatory variables (ARIMAX) were analyzed...

Recently, trend detection in ambient air pollutants has received a lot of interest, particularly relation to climatic changes. Air data that were acquired from monitoring stations 2015 2021 used the current investigation. The direction and size monotonic determined using Mann-Kendall test Sen's slope estimator. findings showed there was significant fluctuation different parameters over time. According study, SO2 NO2 indicate slightly increasing tendency with approximate annual concentrations...

Asymptotic inference for estimators of $(\alpha_n, \beta_n)$ in the spatial autoregressive model $Z_{ij}(n) = \alpha_n Z_{i-1, j}(n) + \beta_n Z_{i, j-1}(n) - \varepsilon_{ij}$ is obtained when $\alpha_n$ and $\beta_n$ are near unit roots. When reparameterized by $\alpha_n e^{c/n}$ $\beta_n e^{d/n}$, it shown that if "one-step Gauss-Newton estimator" $\lambda_1 \lambda_2 \beta_n$ properly normalized embedded function space $D([0, 1]^2)$, limiting distribution a Gaussian process. The key idea...

Sufficient conditions are given in order to ensure the existence of a sequence strongly consistent estimators unknown parameters nonlinear regression model. The primary difference between this and earlier work is generality parameter space. Indeed, space assumed be any separable, completely regular topological space; particular, includes all separable metric spaces.

Summary Small sample and large properties of the bundle strength parallel filaments studied earlier by Daniels (1945) Sen, Bhattacharyya, Suh (1969) have been developed here probabilistic argument. The statistics belong to a family or class statistics, each which forms reverse semi-martingale sequence. Certain moment are also discussed.

An one sided Chebyshev inequality is derived when the first four moments are known. The surprisingly simple and an improvement over one. two

This study made an attempt to forecast and best fitted trend of Public Distribution System in India by using Box Jenkins methodology univariate Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. For empirical analysis a set rice, wheat total food grains for procurement, off take stocks PDS were considered with available annual data from 1972–2013 forecasted values estimated 2017. The validity the model verified based on minimum value AIC (Akaike Information Criterion), SBC (Schwarz's...

WOFOST model (version 7.1.2) was used to study the impacts of elevated thermal environment on kharif rice at Kalyani situated in lower Gangetic region West Bengal. The calibrated and validated with experimental data collected during season 2010 2013. simulated yield well matched actual data. sensitivity analysis for effect temperature change crop maturity showed that if increased by 10C 20C period delayed 3 7 days respectively. range 3150 kgha-1 5046 kg ha-1 whereas field ranged from 2907...

Statistical trend analysis and time-series prediction model are widely used in water quality regulation. Using the Mann-Kendall test, was performed on monthly time series. The findings revealed that only potential Hydrogen (pH) Total Coliforms (TC) showed meaningful trends. Future values for parameters which affect have been predicted using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. R-square, root mean square error, absolute maximum percentage normalised Bayesian information...

Under the condition that minimal sufficient statistics are transitive, sequence of Rao-Blackwell estimators distribution function has been shown to form a reverse martingale sequence. Weak convergence corresponding empirical process Gaussian established by assuming $U$-statistics and utilizing certain results on conditional expectations functions along with functional central limit theorems for (reverse) martingales Loynes (1970) Brown (1971).

Aims: India holds the distinction of being foremost producer spices globally and has been long-run history in spice export. The quantity Indian exports increased by 37% with $ 4.1 billion worth 2021. With that, dried chilli, cumin, turmeric alone contributed 44% export value ($ 1.8 billion). Forecasting production major are key for plays an essential role supporting achieving target $10 2027. Data Source: time series data chilli from 1970-2020 periods was collected Indiastat. Methodology:...

This research aimed to identify the most appropriate probability distribution for modeling average monthly rainfall in agro-climatic zones of West Bengal and detect any trends this data. The study utilized historical data spanning 51 years (1970-2020) obtained from IMD Pune. To determine best-fitting assess trends, 23 different distributions were employed, with Mann-Kendall test Sen’s slope estimator used trend analysis. Goodness-of-fit tests, including Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling,...