Nine games players (mean age 23.3 years, s=2.8; height 1.73 m, s=0.08; body mass 70.0 kg, s=12.7) completed 14 laps of a measured circuit that incorporated intermittent running and directional changes, representative the movements made by field hockey during match-play. The distances speeds recorded global positioning satellite (GPS) system (Spi Elitetrade mark) were compared statistically with speed measurements using timing gates calibrated trundle wheel, to establish criterion validity...

This study represents the first time that muscle damage, endocrine, and immune markers have been measured, together with activity profile, during a competitive soccer match. Seven semiprofessional players participated in league Blood saliva samples were obtained 1 hour before kick off immediately postmatch. Global positioning system equipment was used to measure heart rate profile data throughout Percentage increase creatine kinase (CK) myoglobin (MYO) concentrations correlated number of...

To determine whether gastrointestinal (GI) distress affects the ergogenicity of sodium bicarbonate and degree alkalemia or other metabolic responses is different between individuals who improve exercise capacity those do not.Twenty-one men completed 2 cycling-capacity tests at 110% maximum power output. Participants were supplemented with 0.3 g/kg body mass either placebo (maltodextrin) (SB). Blood pH, bicarbonate, base excess, lactate determined baseline, preexercise, immediately...

It is well documented that heat acclimation of six or more sessions at least 60 min duration prolongs the time to exhaustion during endurance walking, cycling and running in heat. However, this type not specific team sport activity effect on prolonged high-intensity intermittent has yet been investigated.To assess impact an protocol distance run activity.The four short (30-45 Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test; LIST) capacity (LIST) (30 degrees C, 27% relative humidity (RH)), was...

We examined the effect of β-alanine supplementation plus sodium bicarbonate on high-intensity cycling capacity.Twenty males (age = 25 ± 5 yr, height 1.79 0.06 m, body mass 80.0 10.3 kg) were assigned to either a placebo (P) or (BA; 6.4 g·d(-1) for 4 wk) group based power max, completing four capacity tests at 110% max (CCT110%) determine time exhaustion (TTE) and total work done. A CCT(110%) was performed twice (habituation baseline) before (with maltodextrin [MD]) after MD with [SB]), using...

The aim of the study was to assess match-play activity patterns elite women field-hockey players using a global positioning system (SPI Elite, GPSports, Fyshwick, Australia). 25 analysed for 13 international matches, totalling 158 player-match analyses. Overall mean playing time 48 ± 4 min but this varied according position (defenders: 56 11 min; midfielders: 50 10 forwards: 38 7 P < 0.001, d = 0.57-1.92). In total, 55.5 6.3% match spent performing low-intensity exercise (standing: 5.8 2.7%;...

The reason for high altitude anorexia is unclear but could involve alterations in the appetite hormones ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY). This study examined effect of resting exercising hypoxia (12.7% O(2); ∼4,000 m) on appetite, energy intake, plasma concentrations acylated PYY. Ten healthy males completed four, 7-h trials an environmental chamber a random order. four were control-normoxia, control-hypoxia, exercise-normoxia, exercise-hypoxia. During exercise trials, participants ran 60 min at...

Abstract Context: Cooling the neck region can improve ability to exercise in a hot environment. It might performance by dampening perceived level of thermal strain, allowing individuals override inhibitory signals. Objective: To investigate whether enhanced environment observed when cooling occurs because strain experienced and subsequent overriding Design: Crossover study. Setting: Walk-in environmental chamber. Patients or Other Participants: Eight endurance-trained, nonacclimated men (age...

An acute bout of exercise elicits a beneficial effect on subsequent cognitive function in adolescents. The games-based activity, an ecologically valid and attractive model for young people, remains unknown; as does the moderating fitness exercise-cognition relationship. Therefore, aim present study was to examine activity cognition adolescents, this relationship.Following ethical approval, 39 adolescents (12.3 ± 0.7 year) completed resting trial counterbalanced, randomised crossover design....

This paper investigates the neural mechanisms underlying early phase of motor learning in laparoscopic surgery training, using electroencephalography (EEG), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations and subjective cognitive load recorded from n = 31 novice participants during laparoscopy training. Functional connectivity was quantified inter-site clustering (ISPC) assessed NASA-TLX scores. The study identified frequency-dependent patterns correlated with BDNF expression. Gains...

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sustained neck cooling during time trial running in a hot environment.Seven nonacclimated, familiarized males completed three experimental 90-min preloaded trials heat (30.4°C ± 0.1°C and 53% 2% relative humidity). During one trials, the, participants wore collar from start (CC); another, they which was replaced at 30-min intervals (CC(replaced)); last trial, no (NC). Participants ran for 75 min 60% VO(2max) then performed 15-min blinded distance...

Purpose: To investigate the separate and combined effects of sodium bicarbonate beta-alanine supplementation on repeated sprints during simulated match play performed in hypoxia. Methods: Study A: 20 recreationally active participants two trials following acute with either (0.3 g·kg −1 BM) or placebo (maltodextrin). B: 16 were supplemented a for 5 weeks (6.4 g·day 4 weeks, 3.2 1 week), one trial before (with maltodextrin) maltodextrin). Trials consisted 3 sets × 6 s football specific...

β-alanine supplementation has been shown to improve high-intensity exercise performance and capacity. However, the effects on intermittent are less clear, with no effect repeated sprint activity. The aim of this study was investigate YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 (YoYo IR2) performance.Seventeen amateur footballers were allocated either a placebo (PLA; N = 8) or (BA; 9) group, performed IR2 two separate occasions, pre post 12 weeks during competitive season. Specifically, players...

This study longitudinally examined age-related changes in the match-running performance of retained and released elite youth soccer players aged 8-18 years. The effect playing position on was also considered. Across three seasons, 263 were assessed 1-29 competitive matches (988 player-matches). For each player-match, total distance distances covered at age group-specific speed zones (low-speed, high-speed, sprinting) calculated using 1 Hz or 5 GPS. Mixed modeling predicted that developed...

The aim was to objectively identify key performance indicators in professional soccer that influence outfield players' league status using an artificial neural network. Mean technical data were collected from 966 (mean SD; age: 25 ± 4 yr, 1.81 ±) 90-minute performances the English Football League. ProZone's MatchViewer system and online databases used collect on 347 assessing total number, accuracy consistency of passes, tackles, possessions regained, clearances shots. Players assigned one...

Abstract Background Whilst an acute bout of exercise has been shown to enhance subsequent cognition, including in adolescents, the effects team games (of which Football is most popular) received little attention. Therefore, this study examined: effect outdoor activity on information processing, inhibitory control, working memory and circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) adolescents; physical fitness cognition and; moderating responses. Methods Following familiarisation, 36...

Abstract Laparoscopic surgery can be exhausting and frustrating, the cognitive load experienced by surgeons may have a major impact on patient safety as well healthcare economics. As decreases with increasing proficiency, its robust assessment through physiological data help to develop more effective training certification procedures in this area. We measured from 31 novices during laparoscopic exercises extract features based cardiac ocular variables. These were compared traditional...

Nine well-trained, unacclimatized female hockey players performed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) interspersed with three field skill tests in hot (30°C, 38% relative humidity) and moderate (19°C, 51% environmental conditions. Field performance declined both conditions following 30 60 min of LIST compared pre-LIST values (P < 0.01). This decrement was compounded environment a 6% poorer heat recorded for second test at 0.05, 101.7 ± 3.6 vs 95.7 2.9 s; mean s x). However, no...

Vigorous running suppresses plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations but the limited literature on cycling suggests that is unchanged, perhaps because body mass supported during cycling. It important from a research and applied perspective to determine whether hunger responses are exercise-mode specific. This study sought examine this. Eleven recreationally active males fasted overnight completed three 4-h trials: control, running, cycling, in random order. Participants rested throughout...

Abstract Sunderland, CD and Edwards, PL. Activity profile between-match variation in elite male field hockey. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 758–764, 2017—This study aimed to (a) provide a position-specific activity for hockey players, (b) determine if the was altered by introduction of “self-pass” rule, (c) information relating match-to-match variability The 28 players analyzed over 2 seasons totaling 395 player-match analyses using Global Positioning Satellite technology. Total distance,...

The present study evaluated the effect of neck-cooling during exercise on repeated sprint ability in a hot environment. Seven team-sport playing males completed two experimental trials involving (5 x 6 s) before and after 45 min bouts football specific intermittent treadmill protocol heat (33.0  0.2 ºC; 53 ± 2% relative humidity). Participants wore collar one (CC). Mean power output peak declined over time both but were higher CC (540 99 v 507 122W, d = 0.32; 719 158 680 182 W, 0.24...