To combine information from different sensory modalities, the brain must deal with considerable temporal uncertainty. In natural environments, an external event may produce simultaneous auditory and visual signals yet they will invariably activate asynchronously due to propagation speeds for light sound, neural response latencies once reach receptors. One strategy uses audiovisual timing variation is adapt a prevailing asynchrony help realign signals. Here, using psychophysical methods in...

Background A prevailing view is that audiovisual integration requires temporally coincident signals. However, a recent study failed to find any evidence for in visual search even when using synchronized events. An important question what information critical observe integration. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we demonstrate temporal coincidence (i.e., synchrony) of auditory and components can trigger interaction cluttered displays consequently produce very fast efficient target...

It has been proposed that visual crowding—the breakdown in recognition occurs when objects are presented cluttered scenes—reflects a limit imposed by attention. We examined this idea the context of an orientation averaging task, having subjects judge mean set oriented signal elements either isolation, or "crowded" nearby randomly elements. In some conditions, also had to perform attentionally demanding secondary task. By measuring performance at different levels variability, we show crowding...

We investigated how crowding-a breakdown in object recognition that occurs the presence of nearby distracting clutter-works for complex letter-like stimuli. Subjects reported orientation (up/down/left/right) a T target, abutted by single flanker composed randomly positioned horizontal and vertical bars. In addition to familiar retinotopic anisotropies (e.g., more crowding from eccentric flankers), we report three object-centered anisotropies. First, inversions target element were rare:...

Abstract Combining signals across the senses improves precision and speed of perception, although this multisensory benefit declines for asynchronous signals. Multisensory events may produce synchronized stimuli at source but asynchronies inevitably arise due to distance, intensity, attention neural latencies. Temporal recalibration is an adaptive phenomenon that serves perceptually realign physically Recently, it was discovered temporal occurs far more rapidly than previously thought does...

Visual perception arises from the interplay between current and prior sensory inputs. Two perceptual phenomena-serial dependence visual crowding-result mandatory integration of retinal information across time space, respectively. This study investigated, for first time, their functional relationship orientation brightness discrimination tasks. Participants performed tasks (blocked) on peripheral targets surrounded by distractors varying color, orientation, proximity. Both serial (the...

This study investigates two aspects of visual processing and perceptual learning: the impact training on human system's ability to integrate information across field influence aversive electrodermal stimulation performance in an orientation averaging task. Through a ten-day regimen that manipulated set-size Gabor element arrays, we observe consistent degradation with increasing set-size, leading overall improvements accuracy response times, but only marginal interaction (for times). suggests...

An outstanding question in sensory neuroscience is whether the perceived timing of events mediated by a central supra-modal mechanism, or multiple modality-specific systems. We use perceptual learning paradigm to address this question.Three groups were trained daily for 10 sessions on an auditory, visual combined audiovisual temporal order judgment (TOJ). Groups pre-tested range TOJ tasks within and between their group modality prior so that transfer any from task could be measured...

We investigated whether the oriented trails of blur left by fast-moving dots (i.e., "motion streaks") effectively mask grating targets. Using a classic overlay masking paradigm, we varied contrast and target orientation to reveal underlying tuning. Fast-moving Gaussian blob arrays elevated thresholds for detection static gratings, both monoptically dichoptically. Monoptic at high streak) contrasts is tuned exhibits similar bandwidth functions obtained with stimuli (∼30 degrees). Dichoptic...

This study aimed to develop and examine the validity evidence of New Somatomorphic Matrix-Male (NSM-M) as a measure actual-ideal body discrepancy. The NSM-M is visual matrix 34 male bodies that vary along two dimensions: fat percentage (range = 4-40%) muscularity (fat-free mass index; range 16.5-30 kg/m2; 36.4-66.1 lbs/m2). In Study 1, participants were 2,733 sexual minority males recruited via geosocial networking smartphone application. Participants selected their actual ideal on...

During binocular rivalry (BR), conflicting monocular images are alternately suppressed from awareness. suppression of an image, contrast sensitivity for probes is reduced by ∼0.3–0.5 log units relative to when the image in perceptual dominance. Previous studies on have led controversies concerning nature and extent during BR. We tested feature-specific using orthogonal rivaling gratings measuring small grating at a range orientations 2AFC orientation discrimination task. Results indicate...

Naturally occurring luminance distributions are approximately 1/ f in their spatial and temporal amplitude spectra. By systematically varying the spatio-temporal profile of broadband noise stimuli, we demonstrate that humans invariably overestimate proportion high frequency energy. Critically, find strength this bias is a magnitude predicts perceptually equalized response to fall off natural spectrum. This interpretation supported by our finding transient bias, while evident across broad...

Abstract Objectives This study examined the psychometric properties of Visual Body Scale for Men (VBSM), a new figural rating scale designed as measure male perceived‐ideal body discrepancy. Methods In Study 1 , participants were 133 males who selected their perceived and desired bodies from VBSM. composition, dissatisfaction, eating disorder depressive symptomatology obtained. 2 33 completed VBSM Bodybuilder Image Grid (BIG). aimed to compare validity evidence BIG. Results Both VBSM‐Body...

Low-contrast visual contour fragments are easier to detect when presented in the context of nearby collinear elements (U. Polat & D. Sagi, 1993). The spatial and temporal determinants this facilitation have been studied extensively (J. R. Cass B. Spehar, 2005; Y. Tanaka 1998; C. Williams F. Hess, 1998), although considerable debate surrounds neural mechanisms underlying it. Our study examines question using a novel stimulus, whereby flanking "contour" rotated around their own axis. By...

Visually guided catch-up saccades during the pursuit of a moving target are highly influenced by smooth performance. For example, decision to execute saccade and its amplitude is driven difference in velocity between eye target. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that predictive occur blanking compensate for variability response. Therefore, wondered whether response occurrence saccades, which case visually saccades. To answer this question, asked subjects track along circular path....

Rapid visual flicker is known to capture attention. Here we show slow can also attention under reciprocal temporal conditions. Observers searched for a target line (vertical or horizontal) among tilted distractors. Distractor lines were surrounded by luminance modulating annuli, all flickering sinusoidally at 1.3 12.1 Hz, while the target's annulus flickered frequencies within this range. Search times improved with increasing target/distractor frequency differences. For target-distractor...

Abstract It is well-established that depth discrimination finer in the fovea than periphery. Here, we study decline thresholds with distance from using an equivalent noise analysis to separate contributions of internal and sampling efficiency. Observers discriminated mean patches "dead leaves" composed ellipses varying size, orientation, luminance at levels disparity between 0.05 13.56 arcmin visual field locations 0° 9° eccentricity. At low noise, were lower higher (above 3.39 arcmin),...

Visual overlay masking is typically studied with a mask and target located at the same depth plane. Masking reduced when binocular disparity separates from (G. Moraglia & B. Schneider, 1990). We replicate this finding for broadband masked by natural images find greatest (threshold elevation) occupy was equally whether appeared crossed or an uncrossed disparity. measure tuning of determine extent benefit afforded Threshold elevation decreases monotonically increasing until ±8 arcmin. Two...

It is well established that mammalian visual cortex possesses a large proportion of orientation-selective neurons. Attempts to measure the bandwidth these mechanisms psychophysically have yielded highly variable results (∼6°–180°). Two stimulus factors been proposed account for this variability: spatial and temporal frequency; with several studies indicating broader bandwidths at low high frequencies. We estimated orientation using classic overlay masking paradigm across range spatiotemporal...

Temporal integration in the visual system causes fast-moving objects to leave oriented 'motion streaks' their wake, which could be used facilitate motion direction perception. is thought occur over 100 ms early cortex, although this has never been tested for streaks. Here we compare ability of ('streaky') and slow-moving fields dots mask briefly flashed gratings either parallel or orthogonal trajectory. Gratings were presented at various asynchronies relative onset (from ms) sample...

We previously reported that fast-moving dot arrays cause orientation-tuned masking of static gratings (D. Apthorp, J. Cass, & D. Alais, 2010), which we attribute to "motion streaks." Using similar "streaky" motion, describe spatial frequency tuning grating threshold elevations caused by (Experiment 1) and adaptation 2) motion. To compare the streaks with psychophysical tunings, Fourier analyzed time-averaged translating dots, were bandpass (peaking at ∼2.3 c/deg). Masking, however, was...