A5067595478- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- interferon and immune responses
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- RNA regulation and disease
Robert Koch Institute
2016-2025
University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
2025
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
2025
National Influenza Center
2022
Australian National University
2021
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2021
New York State Department of Health
2021
Wadsworth Center
2021
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
2011
University of Freiburg
2009
Mammalian influenza viruses are descendants of avian strains that crossed the species barrier and underwent further adaptation. Since 1997 in southeast Asia, H5N1 highly pathogenic have been causing severe, even fatal disease humans. Although no lineages this subtype established until now, such repeated events may initiate a new pandemic. As model transmission, we used virus SC35 (H7N7), which is low-pathogenic for mice, its lethal mouse-adapted descendant SC35M . Specific mutations...
Type I interferons (IFNs) play an essential role in the host response to viral infection through induction of numerous IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), including important antiviral molecules such as PKR, RNase L, Mx, and iNOS. Yet, additional ISGs likely exist. gene 15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin homolog that rapidly up-regulated after infection, it conjugates wide array proteins. Although has been hypothesized ISG15 functions molecule, initial evaluation ISG15-deficient mice revealed no defects...
We present a rigorously validated and highly sensitive confirmatory real-time RT-PCR assay (1A assay) that can be used in combination with the previously reported upE assay. Two additional assays for sequencing are described, targeting RdRp gene (RdRpSeq N (NSeq assay), where an insertion/deletion polymorphism might exist among different hCoV-EMC strains. Finally, simplified biologically safe protocol detection of antibody response by immunofluorescence microscopy was developed using...
ABSTRACT Recently we have shown that influenza A virus infection leads to activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and this cellular reaction is dependent on expression viral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). These data also suggested PI3K confers a virus-supporting activity at intermediate stages cycle. So far it not known which process regulated by kinase supports replication. It well established upon with virus, NS1 keeps induction beta interferon apoptotic response...
<ns3:p>Late in 2020, two genetically-distinct clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations biological concern were reported, one the United Kingdom and South Africa. Using a combination data from routine surveillance, genomic sequencing international travel we track dispersal lineages B.1.1.7 B.1.351 (variant 501Y-V2). We account for potential biases surveillance efforts by including passenger volumes location where lineage was first London Africa...
Influenza viruses (IV) cause pneumonia in humans with progression to lung failure and fatal outcome. Dysregulated release of cytokines including type I interferons (IFNs) has been attributed a crucial role immune-mediated pulmonary injury during severe IV infection. Using ex vivo infection models, we demonstrate that alveolar macrophage (AM)-expressed IFN-β significantly contributes IV-induced epithelial cell (AEC) by autocrine induction the pro-apoptotic factor TNF-related...
<ns3:p>Late in 2020, two genetically-distinct clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations biological concern were reported, one the United Kingdom and South Africa. Using a combination data from routine surveillance, genomic sequencing international travel we track dispersal lineages B.1.1.7 B.1.351 (variant 501Y-V2). We account for potential biases surveillance efforts by including passenger volumes location where lineage was first London Africa...
During the initial COVID-19 response, Germany's Federal Government implemented several nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that were instrumental in suppressing early exponential spread of SARS-CoV-2. NPI effect on transmission other respiratory viruses has not been examined at national level thus far.
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants of concern remain a major threat for global health. Here we introduce an infection model based upon polarized human Alveolar Epithelial Lentivirus immortalized (hAELVi) cells grown at the air–liquid interface to estimate replication epidemic potential respiratory viruses in lower tract. hAELVI cultures are highly permissive different coronaviruses seasonal influenza A virus upregulate various mediators following infection. Our analysis revealed...
Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic affected respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation worldwide. Aim To describe, for children aged < 5 years, 2021 and 2022/23 RSV seasons in Germany. Methods Through data 16,754 specimens from outpatient sentinel surveillance, we investigated seasonality, circulating lineages, children’s age distributions 2022/23. Available information about disease severity hospital surveillance was analysed patients with...
Abstract Since the onset of pandemic, many SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged, exhibiting substantial evolution in virus’ spike protein 1 , main target neutralizing antibodies 2 . A plausible hypothesis proposes that virus evolves to evade antibody-mediated neutralization (vaccine- or infection-induced) maximize its ability infect an immunologically experienced population 1,3 Because viral infection induces antibodies, may thus navigate on a dynamic immune landscape is shaped by local history....
A risk assessment framework was developed to evaluate the zoonotic potential of avian influenza (AI), focusing on virus mutations linked phenotypic traits related mammalian adaptation identified in literature. Virus sequences were screened for presence these and their geographical, temporal subtype-specific trends. Spillover events mammals (including humans) human seroprevalence studies also reviewed. Thirty-four associated with five (increased receptor specificity, haemagglutinin stability,...
Influenza A virus causes epidemics of respiratory diseases in humans leading to thousands death annually. One its major virulence factors, the non-structural protein 1 (NS1), exhibits interferon-antagonistic properties. While epithelial cells tract are primary targets influenza virus, virus-sensing mechanisms these eventually IFNbeta production incompletely understood. Here we show that infection with NS1-deficient upregulated expression two molecules have been previously implicated sensing...
The type I interferon (IFN) system is a first line of defense against viral infections. Viruses have developed various mechanisms to counteract this response. So far, the antagonistic activity influenza A viruses was mainly observed on level IFNβ gene induction via action non-structural protein 1 (NS1). Here we present data indicating that not only suppress but also inhibit IFN signaling through mechanism involving suppressor cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) protein. Our study based observation...
ABSTRACT The hemagglutinin (HA) of fowl plague virus A/FPV/Rostock/34 (H7N1) carries two N-linked oligosaccharides attached to Asn123 and Asn149 in close vicinity the receptor-binding pocket. In previous studies which HA mutants lacking either one (mutants G1 G2) or both (mutant G1,2) glycosylation sites had been expressed from a simian 40 vector, we showed that these glycans regulate receptor binding affinity (M. Ohuchi, R. A. Feldmann, H. D. Klenk, J. Virol. 71:8377–8384, 1997). We have...
Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB is a hallmark infections by viral pathogens including influenza viruses. Because gene expression many proinflammatory and antiviral cytokines controlled this factor, concept emerged that its upstream regulator IkappaB kinase are essential components innate immune response to infectious pathogens. In contrast common view we report here activity promotes efficient virus production. On molecular level due NF-kappaB-dependent induction...
Infections with influenza A viruses result in the activation of a variety intracellular signalling pathways. Recent findings suggest that response to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is commonly used as mimic for accumulating viral RNA, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) activated and mediates transcription factor interferon regulatory 3 (IRF-3). Thus, we investigated function PI3K during virus infection. The pathway was upon infection consistent earlier using dsRNA, inhibition itself or...
Wild-type (WT) influenza A/PR/8/34 virus and its variant lacking the NS1 gene (delNS1) have been compared for their ability to mediate apoptosis in cultured cells chicken embryos. Cell morphology, fragmentation of chromatin DNA, caspase-dependent cleavage viral NP protein used as markers apoptosis. Another marker was caspase M2 protein, which also found occur an apoptosis-specific manner. In interferon (IFN)-competent host systems, such MDCK cells, fibroblasts, 7-day-old embryos, delNS1...
Influenza is still one of the major plagues worldwide. The statistical likeliness a new pandemic outbreak highlights urgent need for and amply available antiviral drugs. We others have shown that influenza virus misuses cellular IKK/NF-kappaB signalling pathway efficient replication suggesting this module may be suitable target intervention. Here we examined acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), also known as aspirin, widely used drug with well-known capacity to inhibit NF-kappaB. show efficiently...
Background. Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses preferentially infect alveolar type II pneumocytes in human lung. However, it is unknown whether this cellular tropism contributes to high viral virulence because the primary target cells of other have not been systematically studied. Methods. We provide first comparison replication, tropism, and cytokine induction human, highly A virus subtype animal lung organ cultures. Results. Subytpe human-adapted H1N1 H3N2 replicated...
On 24 October 2012, a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome of unknown origin and symptom onset on 5 was transferred from Qatar to specialist lung clinic in Germany. Late diagnosis 20 November an infection the novel Coronavirus (NCoV) resulted potential exposure considerable number healthcare workers. Using questionnaire we asked 123 identified contacts (120 hospital three out-of-hospital contacts) about patient. Eighty-five provided blood for serological test using two-stage...