This article presents the results of laboratory examinations concerning effects soil bulk density on growth sessile oak Quercus petraea Liebl. seedlings. The for study was collected from a nursery plot and then compacted into PCV pots in eight different levels ranging 0.81 to 1.32 g cm−3. Oak seedlings were cultivated controlled conditions 76 days after sowing. mass parameters particular together with assimilation apparatus roots measured, taking account share various diameter root system....

Abstract The paper presents the results of an analysis influence soil bulk density in a forest nursery plot on growth and quality parameters Scots pine European beech seedlings. Particular variants were obtained using tractor device exerting controlled pressure soil, while field examinations performed area ‘Kłaj’ Niepołomice Forest District. Three series plots prepared for each species, applying unit values 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kPa, corresponding to dry range 1.03-1.19 g cm -3 , control...

Ground contact pressures exerted by elements of the machine chassis on ground in forest are associated with impact soil during its operation. In case a crawler system, determining pressure appears simple, which is not entirely true. The aim study was to analyze loads (forest soil) MHT 8002HV harvester chassis. measurements were made Forest School Enterprise Kostelec nad Černými Lesy, Central Bohemia Region Czech Republic, brown clay stony formations, fresh mixed mountain (FMMF), use...

Wood harvesting with the use of wheeled harvesters is now common in Polish and Czech forests. While moving forest, wheels these machines affect forest soil extent this impact interesting. The paper presents results measurements changes that occur on operational trails after timber using Entracon Sioux EH30 thinning harvester. were taken fragments three trails, between ruts at a distance 1.0 m off trail. An penetrometer was used to measure penetration resistance, samples collected determine...

The quality of container-grown seedlings is influenced by the air and water properties substrate. These are closely tied to amount frequency supplied through sprinkler systems in nurseries, as well density substrate container cells. Throughout entire growing season, this study examined how various parameters Scots pine, Norway spruce, European beech, pedunculate oak cultivated HIKO V120SS V265 containers were affected two factors. Firstly, analyzed impact increased when filling containers....

The growth of seedlings depends on many factors: the availability light, water, and minerals, as well type physical properties substrate, including its density. effect different levels compaction peat-perlite substrate European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in container nursery has not been investigated so far. In presented research, nine variants (in three replications), with actual bulk density ranging between 0.196 0.317 g·cm−3, were prepared Hiko V265 trays. seeds sown trays, a seedling was...

<ja:p>The aim of the study was to characterize repetitive cycles harvester operation. The conducted in thinning, mature and post-disaster pine stands. sequences activities characteristic operation were described as time series. In order detect cyclic variable structure analysed series, methodology single spectrum Fourier analysis applied. standard stands, late-thinning stands existence stable operational with length three discovered while additional five-activity phases noted. Described this...

For many years, scientists have been searching for nondestructive methods the measurement of plant root system parameters. The electrical capacitance (EC) across has proposed as one such method. This article presents a study on determination relationships between EC and shape size electrodes immersed in medium that are used measurement. Measurement parameters characterizing systems 1-year-old seedlings common beech Fagus sylvatica L. was conducted under laboratory conditions. measurements...

Abstract Cultivation of seedlings in trays requires the use specifically developed substrates. This study presents results analyses selected physical and mechanical parameters a peat–perlite substrate, which Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst), European beech Fagus sylvatica pedunculate oak Quercus robur L.) were grown during production season. For each species, substrate changed throughout season, dry weight decreased, whereas its compactness...

The macroelement (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, and magnesium) contents in individual parts of 1-year-old seedlings (leaves, shoots, root system) the common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were investigated. grown nine different densities peat substrate (0.196–0.317 g cm−3) 265 cm3 containers. It was found that compaction influenced content seedlings. With an increase compaction, there a decrease leaves (except for N). derived from this study compared to optimal indicated...

The article presents the results of measurements regarding impact MHT9002HV tracked harvester on surface deformations and changing physical parameters soil three operational trails. were made in terrain with a longitudinal slope up to 14.9° (33.2%) transverse 8.8° (17.9%). Spruce deadwood trees mountain forest habitats harvested. Static Eijkelkamp Penetrologger 0615SA dynamic own design penetrometer used measure penetration resistance, samples taken determine bulk density, moisture content,...

In container production, the key issue is proper irrigation and fertilization. Typically, water required for plant growth supplied through an ramp system, which can also perform The frequency of amount by depends on several factors, such as species plants grown, used, substrate, atmospheric factors accompanying production. For effective irrigation, substrate in cell must retain long enough absorption. However, any excess should drain from container. To optimize it important to determine...

In forest management in Poland, there are no standards for the quality and suitability planting seedlings produced nursery containers; therefore, research contributing to development of such guidelines is important. We investigated growth reaction European beech Norway spruce growing container technology one year after on an experimental plantation. The used study were three variants grown a differing fertilization. Two heights measured, i.e., first season plantation initial (obtained...

Skidding is considered to be one of the most stressful works for forest environment. This paper presented results obtained from analysis soil deformation and selected physical mechanical parameters soils on skid trails in Gorce National Park. The study analyzed two horse tractor that are continuous use park. Measurements were recorded before (summer) after (autumn) a total 81 skidding cycles, using profilometer penetrometer, samples collected analysis. measurements indicated compactness was...

Abstract The paper presents research on influence of nursery soil compaction, composed peat (90%) and perlite (10%), the growth seedlings Pinus sylvestris grown in containers. Polyethylene are containers used for seedling production. These were filled with three different densities substrate (0.3, 0.5 0.7 g·cm-3). During experiment, initially placed a plastic tent period two months, then months further an open field. Growth measurements individual plants length shoots root system, collar...

In the study, influence of soil compaction on growth silver fir seedlings (Abies alba Mill.) was evaluated; being measured using a cone penetrometer. The studies were conducted under forest canopy, where exploratory units with different compactions exerting unit pressure 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kPa, as well control (without pressure), prepared. Selected sown seeds fir, from remaining units, samples collected their After 5 months, analyzed. Increasing resulted in characterized by layer up...

Abstract For the period from 1st of May to 30th October 2014, water balance for Scots pine, Norway spruce, Pedunculate oak and European beech seedlings in a plantation setting was analysed. The experiment conducted at container nursery Rudy Raciborskie Forest District, Poland. Water supplied by natural rainfall as well small-droplet irrigation system two automatic weather stations combined with 32 rain collectors were used monitor throughout this research. Rain gauges located 25 cm above...

Cut-to-length (CTL) operations are expanding in Central European bio-economies. However, they costly, so efficiency must be maximized. The objective of this study was to analyze direct operational costs three forwarders from the year 2006 until 2019. Annual amortization, services, materials, and personnel were analyzed compared through ANOVA, trends linear regression. Forwarders LVS 5, John Deere 1010, 1110E deployed coniferous forest stands with a mean stem volume between 0.10 0.84 m3/stem,...

Forest regeneration by means of seedlings grown in container nurseries is usually performed manually with the use standard dibble bar or tube dibble. Manual placement a large number soil requires lot work. removal cover and digging spots diameter 0.4 m requires, under average conditions, about 38 man-hours/ha, while planting 34 man-hours/ha. Additional work time needed to carry over an area that being afforested. At present, forestry does not have automatic planters would enable...

Abstract The article presents analysis of operation Fao Far 6840 mini harvester for machine wood harvesting. Analysis was made based on working day timing. investigations were carried out the area Lubliniec Forest Inspectorate, Bór Forestry habitat forest site − fresh mixed where pine obtained with use a harvester. Timing registration exploitation time video camera and stopwatch measurements size grade. Based results low values performance in change 9.61 m 3 ·h −1 , effective 12.14 reported....

The paper is focused on the research of chipper knives with a straight and modified cutting edge in order to determine energy consumption chipping process uniformity size fractions designed knife for production dimensionally uniform chips. took place two different tree species where representative coniferous was common spruce (Picea abies) deciduous winter oak (Quercus petraea). PTO-powered (power take off) disc machine it not purposes. results showed that higher terms than edge. From...

An important issue in container nurseries is the production of seedlings appropriate quality. These must meet specific biometric parameters and possess traits that ensure their suitability for later use forest cultivation. One such traitis ease pulling seedling out cell, characterized by resistance. This resistance depends on many factors, including theseedling parameters, substrate, container. In this work, a prototype measuring station was used to record pull-out as function vertical...