Lightweight design is an essential part of the overall Volkswagen strategy for reducing CO2 emission. The use carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) offers enormous lightweight potential in comparison to aluminum, enabling a weight reduction, if load-adapted (unidirectional) CFRP-design used, up 60% automobile parts without degradation functionalities. Today, CFRP limited mass series applications automotive industry by cost conventional precursor Poly-Acrylic-Nitrile (PAN). Fifty percent...

Lightweight design is an essential part of the overall Volkswagen strategy for reducing CO2 emissions. The use carbon fiber offers enormous lightweight potential. In comparison to steel enabling a mass reduction up 70% in automotive parts without degradation functionalities possible. Today, limited series applications industry by cost conventional C-fiber precursor polyacrylonitrile (PAN). 50% already belongs PAN precursor. Lignin as production can realize savings cost. For qualifying...

In the present contribution, results concerning effect of temperature on nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 based 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (bmimBF4)-in-cyclohexane and bmimBF4-in-toluene ionic liquid (IL) reverse microemulsions are reported. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) along with freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM) measurements revealed that sizes single microemulsion droplets increased increasing temperature. However, a decreased led to appearance...

In the present contribution, results concerning role of small amounts water in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (bmimBF4)-in-cyclohexane ionic liquid (IL) reverse microemulsions are reported. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed that size microemulsion droplets decreased remarkably with increasing content although is often used as a polar component to swell microemulsions. It was thus deduced number increased which confirmed by conductivity measurements. The states dissolved...

Twelve new lanthanide and actinide sandwich complexes containing the 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclooctatetraenyl ligand (COT′′) have been prepared structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. Visualizing corresponding metabolic changes in the brain patients with ALS proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) may provide surrogate markers for an early detection, monitoring progression and evaluating treatment response. The primary objective our study was to evaluate whether modifications MR metabolite levels occur before clinical onset, these are...

This paper gives a full account of the complex reaction system LnCl3/(COT″)2– (COT″ = 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclooctatetraenyl dianion). Four different series organolanthanide complexes this bulky COT ligand have been reported: (1) anionic sandwich containing [Ln(COT″)2]− anions, (2) dimeric chloro-bridged mono(COT″) complexes, (3) cluster-centered multidecker-sandwich and (4) linear triple-decker complexes. In order to get more complete picture examine possible steric effects exerted by...

Synthesis, luminescence and reactivity of the lanthanide(<sc>ii</sc>) “bent sandwich-like” hydro-tris(pyrazolyl)borate complexes Ln(Tp^iPr2)₂ (Ln = Sm, Eu, Tm, Yb) have been investigated.

The first well-defined lanthanide polysulfide complexes containing S₄²⁻ and S₅²⁻ ligands have been synthesized structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Abstract The direct electrochemical reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) results in various products, complicating the regeneration crucial 1,4‐NADH cofactor for enzymatic reactions. Previous research primarily focused on steady–state polarization to examine potential impacts product selectivity. However, this study explores influence dynamic conditions selectivity NAD products by comparing two profiles with steady‐state conditions. Our findings reveal that main including...

All stacked up: The f elements, too, can form well-defined multidecker sandwich complexes—as long as a suitable ligand set is chosen. In the case of title compound, combination pentamethylcyclopentadienyl and 1,3,6-tris(trimethylsilyl)cyclooctatetraenyl ligands (cot′′′) was employed to give nearly linear Yb3 arrangement (see picture). Supporting information for this article available on WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z702148_s.pdf or from author. Please note:...

Abstract The recently reported cerium(IV) tripodal Schiff‐base complex (TRENDSAL)CeCl (TRENDSAL = [N{CH 2 CH N=CH(C 6 H t Bu ‐3,5‐O‐2} 3 ] 3– ) serves as excellent starting material for novel Ce 4+ coordination compounds. first azide, (TRENDSAL)CeN and the cationic complex, [(TRENDSAL)Ce][BPh 4 are both readily accessible from via simple salt metathesis reaction.

The first metallasilsesquioxanes comprising potassium and uranium have been synthesized structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

New unsolvated, homoleptic lanthanide(<sc>iii</sc>) tris(cyclopropylethinylamidinate) complexes of the type [c-C₃H₅–CC–C(NR)₂]₃Ln (R = ⁱPr, cyclohexyl; Ln Nd, Sm, Ho) have been prepared and crystal structure holmium derivative [c-C₃H₅–CC–C(NⁱPr)₂]₃Ho has confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

1,4-Diaza-1,3-diene (=DAD) complexes of the heavy alkaline-earth metals strontium and barium have been synthesized by direct metalation N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene (1, =DADDipp). The reaction with Sr metal afforded a mixture red enediamide-type derivative (DADDipp)Sr(DME)2 (2, DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) black (DADDipp)2Sr(DME) (3), which contains two coordinated DAD radical anions. With barium, only anion (DADDipp)2Ba(DME) (4) was formed in 82% yield. For first...

This contribution presents a full account of structurally diverse class heterometallic europium disiloxanediolates. The synthetic protocol involves in situ metalation (HO)SiPh2OSiPh2(OH) (1) with either nBuLi or KN(SiMe3)2 followed by treatment EuCl3 suitable solvents such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) tetrahydrofuran (THF). Reaction 2 equiv (LiO)SiPh2OSiPh2(OLi) DME afforded the EuIII bis(disiloxanediolate) "ate" complex [{(Ph2SiO)2O}2{Li(DME)}3]EuCl2 (2), which upon attempted reduction Zn...

Using one ligand set, five different types of η⁸-cyclooctatetraenyl-lanthanide half-sandwich complexes, including a “giant neodymium wheel”, have been prepared and structurally characterized.

Pyrolysis of thermally thick beech wood blocks with a size around 2.5 × 8 6 cm3 (width length height) was carried out in lab scale microwave reactor frequency 2.45 GHz, operated, both, at 300 W and 600 under inert conditions, using N2 400 mbar absolute pressure. The cavity had 20 cm3. specific energy supply referred to the untreated block 4–8 W/g, slight variations depending on initial water content. mass loss reflected power were in-situ monitored during experiments. sample surface chamber...

A common ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (bmimBF(4)), is used as polar solvent to induce the formation of a reverse bmimBF(4)-in-toluene IL microemulsion with aid nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. The swelling process droplets by increasing bmimBF(4) content detected dynamic light scattering (DLS), conductivity, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM). results show that initially formed are enlarged addition...

Abstract A series of six new lithium‐cyclopropylethinylamidinates, Li[ c ‐C 3 H 5 –C≡C–C(NR) 2 ]·S (R = i Pr, S Et O ( 2a ), THF 2b DME 2c ); R cyclohexyl (Cy), (3a), 3b 3c )) were prepared and fully characterized. The synthetic protocol involves in situ‐deprotonation commercially available cyclopropylacetylene followed by treatment with either N , N′ ‐diisopropylcarbodiimide or ‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. cyclopropyl substituent exerts a significant influence on the 13 C NMR spectroscopic...

Mono- and dianionic carboranylamidinates are readily available in one-pot reactions directly from o-carborane (1). In situ-monolithiation of 1 followed by treatment with N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide, iPrNCNiPr, or N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, CyNCNCy, provided the lithium (o-C2B10H10C(NHiPr)(NiPr)-κ2C,N)Li(DME) (2a) (o-C2B10H10C(NHiCy)(NiCy)-κ2C,N)Li(THF)2 (2b). Controlled hydrolysis 2a,b afforded free carboranylamidines o-C2B10H11C(NHiR)(NiR) (3a: R = iPr, 3b: Cy). The first dimetalated...

Reaction of potassium carbonate with elemental sulfur or selenium in acetone the presence [PPN]Cl (PPN = (Ph₃P)₂N) produces <italic>catena</italic>-[S₁₂]²⁻, longest structurally characterised polysulfide dianion, <italic>spiro</italic>-[Se₁₁]²⁻ as ion-separated [PPN]⁺ salts.