Research Summary In this study, we examine the interaction between race, gender, and risk assessment score on for recidivism. We used Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) to measure criminogenic among a sample delinquent youth. The results multivariate Cox regression revealed significant when predicting findings indicated that slope relationship recidivism differed significantly Black youth as compared with White was even more pronounced subsample males. These suggest...

More than 60 percent of US adults report that they had adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). For this study 930,000 children born during the period 1999-2003, we used linked administrative, survey, and criminal justice data to measure association between ACEs (parental death; separation; incarceration; or charge for intimate partner violence, substance use disorder, child sexual nonsexual abuse) socioeconomic disadvantages at ages 18-22 2017-21. After status was controlled for, young with...

Qualitative research has shown that fear of retaliation influences an individual’s willingness to cooperate with the police. This those who are fearful being retaliated against less likely police (Clayman, C. and Skinns, L., 2012. To snitch or not snitch? An exploratory study factors influencing whether young people actively Policing society: international journal policy, 22 (4), 460–480; Rosenfeld, R., Jacobs, B., Wright 2003. Snitching code street. British criminology, 43, 291–309;...

Abstract The Criminal Justice Administrative Records System (CJARS), a joint project of the U.S. Census Bureau and University Michigan, is nationally integrated data infrastructure designed to transform research policymaking on United States criminal justice system. At CJARS collects longitudinal electronic records from agencies harmonizes these track episode across all stages Bureau, harmonized can be linked anonymously at person-level with extensive social, demographic, economic...

The assessment of criminogenic risk is critical in the prediction future delinquency and ability to provide appropriate services interventions for youth offenders. goal this study was determine whether using latent profile analysis (LPA) produced better classification profiles than traditional linear methods. Archival data were used examine 1,263 male female probationers. Criminogenic developed Youth Level Service/Case Management Inventory, a widely juvenile assessment. LPA determined that...

This study reexamines the collective security hypothesis of gun ownership using data collected from residents city Detroit, Michigan. In addition, we seek to determine whether effects perceptions police, fear crime, and victimization on individual-level are attenuated by neighborhood levels informal social control. Our findings indicate that police satisfaction remains a robust predictor ownership, in those who less satisfied with more likely own firearm for defensive purposes. Moreover,...

Understanding the criminogenic risk factors and treatment needs of juvenile drug offenders is important because myriad negative outcomes that befall juveniles are involved in drugs. A widely used assessment tool, Youth Level Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) was utilized to explore predict recidivism. Demographic differences between nondrug were also examined. Results suggested eight YLS/CMI domains, substance abuse domain not predictive recidivism for offenders. However, peer...

Scholars have presented concerns about potential for racial bias in risk assessments as a result of the inclusion static factors, such criminal history assessments. The purpose this study was to examine extent which factors add incremental validity dynamic criminogenic This examined Youth Level Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) sample 1,270 youth offenders from medium-sized Midwestern county between June 2004 and November 2013. Logistic regression used determine predictive YLS/CMI...

This study examined the effect of neighborhood disadvantage and criminogenic risk on juvenile recidivism. The sample included 893 youths involved in delinquency/formal probation division one Midwestern county court between 2004 2010. Juveniles were classified into three typologies (i.e., Distressed/Disadvantage, Resilient/Mixed, Benchmark/Advantaged) based socioeconomic conditions their neighborhoods. Survival models revealed that when examining type, youth who lived Resilient/Mixed...

Research Summary In this study, we examined the use of an actuarial risk assessment tool—the Ohio Youth Assessment System‐Disposition Tool (OYAS‐Disposition Tool)—with juvenile sex offenders. Specifically, main goals study were to (a) examine predictive validity tool with offenders and (b) explore nature professional discretion used override tool. The sample consisted 3,235 youth from a large county court in Midwest. results indicated that OYAS‐Disposition was significantly better option for...

There is limited recent information regarding the impact of interpersonal violence on an individual's non-health-related experiences and attainment, including criminal activity, education, employment, family status, housing, income, quality life, or wealth. This study aimed to identify publicly available representative data sources measure socioeconomic experiencing in U.S.In 2022, authors reviewed indexed Data.gov, Inter-university Consortium for Political Social Research archive, U.S....

Bonta and Andrews suggest that there are eight factors predict recidivism among offenders, which they call the “Central Eight.” They split up Central Eight into “Big Four” “Moderate Four,” with Big Four hypothesized to be more strongly associated than Moderate Four. The purpose of this study was assess incremental validity relative as measured on Youth Level Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI). sample comprised 2,436 youth between ages 9 18 ( M = 14.34) in formal probation truancy...

Despite the rapid growth in empirical research on effectiveness of prison treatment programs for reducing postrelease criminality, much less attention has been paid to importance timing these relative inmates’ release date. We examined extent which during a sentence was moderator program effects odds returning within 3 years after release. Twelve reentry approved state Ohio were with sample 18,940 individuals who completed programs. Findings several indicated that more time between...

The Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS) is a juvenile risk assessment that used in numerous states and jurisdictions to assess criminogenic of offenders. Still, there little published research on the predictive validity tool. purpose current study was examine OYAS-DIS, with specific focus understanding prediction recidivism across racial gender subgroups. sample consisted 4,383 youth received court petition single large Midwestern county court. findings indicated...

The goal of this study was to identify distinct and meaningful profiles the seven criminogenic risk need domains included on Ohio Youth Assessment System—Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS). This accomplished by conducting a latent profile analysis (LPA) sample 4,383 formally processed justice-involved youth assessed OYAS-DIS. LPA determined there were six profiles: (1) Low need, (2) Low/moderate (3) risk/need with high juvenile justice history, (4) Academic, mental health, substance use needs, (5)...

Inmate misconduct continues to threaten safety and order within correctional institutions. Yet few studies have examined its longitudinal nature. In this paper we explore the correspondence between programming inmate misconduct. To do this, draw from Linning et al.'s time-course framework devised improve design evaluation of interventions by considering effects that can occur before, during, after programming. We provide first empirical demonstration their using prisoner data collected all...

Many studies find a higher density of liquor stores in urban communities with predominantly Black and/or low-income residents. Although these business establishments tend to fill commercial voids neighborhoods, residents complain that often provoke serious problems. Scholars support claims findings showing evidence strong correlations between and crime, domestic abuse, substance abuse. The present study focuses on determining whether store continues be Chicago’s communities. results spatial...

AbstractResearch suggests that many juveniles in residential facilities report high rates of early childhood trauma. Past research demonstrates knowledge trauma history, specifically whether a youth has been abused or neglected, may provide court practitioners with necessary information concerning recidivism risk, treatment needs, and responsivity. Little is known about the validity general risk assessment tools for involved child welfare juvenile justice systems (i.e., crossover youth)...

This study examined whether inclusion of a neighborhood domain improved prediction and classification in an existing risk assessment tool. Logistic regression analysis covariance (ANCOVA) with random effects were conducted using sample individuals under community supervision ( N = 10,548) to determine the predictive validity Ohio Risk Assessment System-Community Supervision Tool (ORAS-CST). In five our six models, did not significantly improve ORAS-CST regardless it was considered as...