Abstract A solution blow spinning technique was developed using elements of both electrospinning and melt blowing technologies as an alternative method for making non‐woven webs micro‐ nanofibers with diameters comparable those made by the process advantage having a fiber production rate (measured polymer injection rate) several times higher. The fibers produced ranged from 40 nm poly(lactic acid) to micrometers poly(methyl methacrylate). This uses syringe pump deliver apparatus consisting...

Two high-resolution, general-purpose, small-angle neutron scattering instruments have been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Center for Neutron Research. The are 30 m long utilize mechanical velocity selectors, pinhole collimation high-data-rate two-dimensional position-sensitive detectors. incident wavelength, wavelength resolution effective length independently variable, under computer control, provide considerable flexibility in optimizing beam intensity...

Nonwoven mats of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and poly( ε -caprolactone) (PCL) were prepared at a nano- submicron scale by solution blow spinning (SBS) electrospinning in order to compare crystalline structure morphology developed both processes during fiber formation. Polymer solutions characterized rheometry tensiometry. Spun fibers several analytical steps. SEM analyses showed that spun electrospun had similar morphology. Absence residual solvents characteristic...

Specular reflection of neutrons has been used to characterize the structure single lipid bilayers adsorbed a planar silicon surface from aqueous solution. We novel experimental setup which significantly decreased incoherent background scattering and allowed us measure neutron reflectivities as low 5 × 10-7. Thicknesses length densities were determined by fitting procedure using (i) randomly generated smooth functions represented parametric B-splines (ii) stepped based on theoretical...

Small angle neutron scattering, SANS, was used to characterize the enhanced ordering induced by magnetic and shear alignment of chiral nematic liquid crystals cellulose microfibrils in aqueous suspension. In a ∼2 T field phase exhibits uniform orientation over an entire 10 mL sample. SANS data confirmed that cholesteric axis this aligns along with implications distance between is shorter than perpendicular it. This consistent hypothesis are helically twisted rods. Under flow, changes from...

Improved molecular disassembly and depolymerization of grain starch to glucose are key reducing energy use in the bioconversion chemicals, ingredients, fuels. In fuel ethanol production, these biorefining steps 10−20% content ethanol. The need minimize raise net yield can be met by replacing high-temperature, liquid-phase, enzymatic digestion with low temperature, solid-phase, digestion. Also called cold hydrolysis, approach is a step toward "green" method for production There has been...

The temperature dependent thicknesses of ultrathin polystyrene films under vacuum on Si (111) substrates were investigated via x-ray reflectivity in situ. contraction polymer was directly observed for the first time to author's knowledge. degree depends initial thickness film, with magnitude increasing decreasing film thickness. This ranged from 0--17 % and occurred at temperatures well below reported bulk glass transition temperature.

Abstract Nano and submicrometric fibers of poly( D , L ‐lactide) (PDLLA or PLA) were spun from solutions using a solution blow spinning (SBS) apparatus. Fiber morphology diameter investigated by scanning electron microscopy as function polymer concentration, feed rate, air pressure. A more systematic understanding the SBS process parameters was obtained, quantitative relationship between these average fiber established design experiments response surface methodology. It observed that...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used in food contact paper paperboard for decades due to their unique ability provide both moisture oil/grease resistance. Once thought be innocuous, it is now clear that long chain PFAS bioaccumulate are linked reproductive developmental abnormalities, suppressed immune response, tumor formation. Second-generation shorter biological half-lives but concerns about health risks from chronic exposure underscore the need safe substitutes....

The discovery that the commercial rubber antidegradant 6PPD reacts with ozone (O3) to produce a highly toxic quinone (6PPDQ) spurred significant research effort into nontoxic alternatives. This work has been hampered by lack of detailed understanding mechanism protection affords compounds against ozone. Herein, we report high-level density functional theory studies early steps and PPD (p-phenylenediamine) ozonation, identifying key contribute antiozonant activity PPDs. In this, establish our...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTObservation of strain-induced β form in poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates)W. J. Orts, R. H. Marchessault, T. L. Bluhm, and G. K. HamerCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 26, 5368–5370Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00228a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00228a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle...

Volatiles were obtained from commercially prepared and laboratory-prepared rice cakes using high-flow dynamic headspace isolation with Tenax trapping. Analysis was carried out by capillary GC/MS. More than 60 compounds identified. Major volatiles included 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, furfuryl alcohol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-methylpyrazine, pyrazine, hexanal, furfural, pentanol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine. Although not ideally applicable to a dry product,...