A5038727175- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Plant and animal studies
- Migration, Aging, and Tourism Studies
- Retirement, Disability, and Employment
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
- Agricultural pest management studies
- Global Health Care Issues
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Hemiptera Insect Studies
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Insect behavior and control techniques
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Forest Insect Ecology and Management
University of Arizona
2016-2025
Université de Montréal
1995-2023
Institute of Entomology
2003-2015
Arizona Science Center
2004-2014
Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Démographie de l'Université Paris 1
2007
Nova Scotia Cancer Centre
2007
Statistics Canada
2003-2006
The University of Melbourne
2003
Clemson University
2003
Arizona Cotton Research and Protection Council
2000-2003
Significance Decades of research have fostered the now-prevalent assumption that noncrop habitat facilitates better pest suppression by providing shelter and food resources to predators parasitoids crop pests. Based on our analysis largest pest-control database its kind, surrounding farm fields does affect multiple dimensions control, but actual responses pests enemies are highly variable across geographies cropping systems. Because often not enhance biological more information about local...
Transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) grew on >62 million ha worldwide 1996 to 2002. Despite expectations pests would rapidly evolve resistance such Bt crops, increases in frequency of caused by exposure field have not yet been documented. In laboratory and greenhouse tests, however, at least seven resistant strains three (Plutella xylostella [L.], Pectinophora gossypiella [Saunders], Helicoverpa armigera [Hübner]) completed...
Evolution of resistance by pests is the main threat to long-term insect control transgenic crops that produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins. Because inheritance Bt toxins in typically recessive, DNA-based screening for alleles heterozygotes potentially much more efficient than detection resistant homozygotes with bioassays. Such screening, however, requires knowledge field populations are associated survival on crops. Here we report pink bollworm ( Pectinophora gossypiella ), a major...
Abstract Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are used worldwide to control major pests of corn and cotton. Development strategies delay the evolution pest resistance Bt requires an understanding factors affecting responses natural selection, which include variation in survival on crops, heritability resistance, fitness advantages associated with mutations. The two main adopted for delaying refuge pyramid strategies. Both can reduce but pyramids also by reducing...
Evolution of pest resistance to pesticides is an urgent global problem with recorded in at least 954 species pests, including 546 arthropods, 218 weeds, and 190 plant pathogens. To facilitate understanding management resistance, we provide definitions 50 key terms related resistance. We confirm the broad, long-standing definition which a genetically based decrease susceptibility pesticide, “field-evolved resistance,” pesticide population caused by exposure field. The impact field-evolved on...
Crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have advanced pest control, but their benefits been reduced by evolution of resistance in pests. The global monitoring data reviewed here reveal 19 cases practical Bt crops, which is field-evolved that reduces crop efficacy and has consequences for control. Each case represents the responses one species country toxin. results with pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) cotton differ strikingly...
Despite the potentially profound impact of genetically modified crops on agriculture and environment, we know little about their long-term effects. Transgenic that produce toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to control insects are grown widely, but rapid evolution resistance by pests could nullify benefits. Here, present theoretical analyses showing suppression pest populations is governed interactions among reproductive rate, dispersal propensity, regional abundance a Bt crop....
The refuge–high–dose strategy for delaying insect adaptation to transgenic plants produces non–transgenic that enable survival of susceptible individuals. Previous theoretical work has suggested three requirements success the strategy: a low initial frequency resistance allele, extensive mating between resistant and adults recessive inheritance resistance. In order understand an observed decrease in improve potential managing better, we used analytical simulation models exploring conditions...
Strategies for delaying pest resistance to genetically modified crops that produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are based primarily on theoretical models. One key assumption of such models is genes conferring rare. Previous estimates lepidopteran pests targeted by Bt seem meet this assumption. We report here the estimated frequency a recessive allele toxin Cry1Ac was 0.16 (95% confidence interval = 0.05–0.26) in strains pink bollworm ( Pectinophora gossypiella ) derived from 10 Arizona...
Higher yields and reduced pesticide impacts are needed to mitigate the effects of agricultural intensification. A 2-year farm-scale evaluation 81 commercial fields in Arizona show that use transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton insecticide use, whereas with Bt protein herbicide resistance (BtHr) did not affect use. Transgenic had higher yield than nontransgenic for any given number applications. However, nontransgenic, BtHr similar overall, largely because improved control key pests....
Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins kill some key insect pests and thus can reduce reliance on insecticides. Widespread planting of such Bt increased concerns that their usefulness would be cut short by rapid evolution resistance to pests. Pink bollworm ( Pectinophora gossypiella ) is a major pest has experienced intense selection for cotton in Arizona since 1997. We monitored pink toxin 8 years with laboratory bioassays strains derived annually from 10-17 fields...
To delay evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), the “pyramid” strategy uses plants that produce two or more toxins kill same pest. In United States, this has been adopted widely, with two-toxin Bt cotton replacing one-toxin cotton. Although are likely be durable than plants, extent advantage depends on several conditions. One key assumption favoring success is they insects selected for one toxin, which called...
Evolution of resistance by insect pests can reduce the benefits insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that are used extensively in sprays and transgenic crops. Despite considerable knowledge genes conferring to Bt toxins laboratory-selected strains field populations exposed sprays, understanding genetic basis field-evolved crops remains limited. In particular, previous work has not identified any cases where reduced efficacy a crop. Here we report mutations gene encoding...