It is now well accepted that the gut microbiota contributes to our health. However, what determines composition still unclear. Whereas it might be expected intestinal niche would dominant in shaping microbiota, studies vertebrates have repeatedly demonstrated effects of external factors such as host diet and environmental microbial diversity. Hypothesizing genetic variation may interfere with discerning contributions factors, we turned Caenorhabditis elegans a new model, offering ability...

A survey of physical phenomena in the modeling literature and challenges for accelerating development LiS batteries using continuum models.

This article introduces a lumped electrochemical model for lithium-ion batteries. The governing equations of the standard ‘pseudo 2-dimensional’ (p2D) are volume-averaged over each region in cathode-separator-anode representation. gives set which evolution averaged variable is expressed as an overall balance containing internal source terms and interfacial fluxes. These quantities approximated to ensure mass charge conservation. porous domains may thus be regarded three ‘tanks-in-series’....

This article applies and efficiently implements the Tanks-in-Series methodology ( J. Electrochem. Soc. , 167 013534 (2020)) to generate a computationally efficient electrochemical model for Lithium-Sulfur batteries. The original Tank approach Lithium-ion batteries is modified account porosity changes with time. In addition, an exponential scaling method introduced that enables simulation of equations address wide range time constants present different reactions in system. Model achieves...

Abstract Li//CFx cells have achieved the highest specific energy of commercial batteries, but new applications requiring higher rates (e.g., C/3) and pulsing at 5C/3 rate for 1 min) drive push power densities. A capacity-contributing electrolyte (CCE) can provide additional capacity a slightly lower potential than CFx reaction, increasing cell energy. In this work we present 0D transient model primary Li/CFx with CCE composed both salt solvent that focus on C/3 pulsing. Novel aspects our...

Abstract Experimental insights into lithium‐sulfur (LiS) battery chemistry have resulted in practical improvements cell coulombic efficiency, sulfur utilization, and cycle life. However, optimization of this complex requires experimentally aligned modeling tools. A porous electrode theory‐based model incorporating key electrolyte dissociation is developed for the LiS cell. The proposed produces a radical anion species that widely observed spectroscopically electrolytes. We explore...

The Li/CF x primary cell has the highest specific energy of any commercialized cell, but recent funding programs (e.g., IARPA RESILIENCE program) seek significant increases in performance beyond that achieved with current formulations, including both higher average rates than are typical for C/3 and high-rate pulses 5C/3, also program). 1 One method to raise commercial cells is obtain capacity from electrolyte (i.e., use a capacity-contributing electrolyte). 2,3 This should occur after CF...

Research on solid-state batteries began in the 1950s to address issues that stem from liquid electrolyte, such as electrolyte leakage. Today, with implementation of larger systems like electric vehicles or grid, performance demands are greatly increased, which compounds safety associated decomposition. In solid state batteries, a is utilized, eliminates use flammable, organic solvents cell. Solid electrolytes transport ions better selectivity than electrolytes, reduces unwanted side...

Lithium-ion batteries play a vital role in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. In order to monitor, predict control the performance of lithium-ion batteries, intensive efforts by various researchers are being pursued develop an electrochemical model-based battery management systems (BMS) 1 . The accuracy predictability model used great importance these systems, which heavily depends on precision parameters needed for models. Estimation is critical BMS perform efficiently. Moreover,...

As lithium ion batteries are approaching their performance limits, research on alternative chemistries that can meet the energy demands for electric vehicles and grid applications has increased. Lithium sulfur is one chemistry with a high theoretical specific capacity of 2500 Wh/kg practical values 500-600 1 . Sulfur also cheap, making very attractive. The current issues these include fade, self-discharge, electrical resistance, which mostly stem from shuttle effect polysulfide ions 2 During...

The safe and efficient operation of lithium-ion batteries assumes substantial significance with their increasing prevalence in electric transportation grid-scale storage. 1,2 To this end, mathematical models play a critical role predicting battery state dynamics, which informs optimization real-time control strategies. 3 Prediction thermal dynamics is key to ensure operation, view deleterious phenomena such as overheating, non-uniform capacity degradation, potential runaways. 4,5 choice...

Lithium sulfur (LiS) batteries are a promising option for next-generation energy storage due to their high density. Applications where weight is especially important like electric flight and vehicles have driven the study of this chemistry because lithium ion approaching practical limits. For these applications, demand packing more into battery can lead higher resistive batteries. in particular, resistance seen increase with capacities per cell (1). As required subsequently packs increase,...

The incorporation of physics-based lithium-ion battery models in real-time optimization, control and estimation has the potential to substantially facilitate their efficient safe operation. 1,2 In addition improved prediction states, access predictions variables internal electrochemistry allows formulation more complete optimization problems than would be possible by simple circuit models. 3 Various approaches have been employed enable this integration reducing computational demands...

Lithium sulfur (LiS) batteries are promising for next-generation energy storage. Due to their high density, lithium attractive applications like electric vehicles and flights where weight is an important constraint. However, LiS suffer from low coulombic efficiency, poor cycle life, self-discharge . ­­ 1 Physics-based models can give insight into the internal states of battery, which be correlated mechanisms that contribute performance degradation under various operating conditions. The...

Lithium sulfur batteries are a promising option for next-generation energy storage in electric transportation, and some companies have reported values over 400 Wh/kg (1). The push more density within can result higher resistive batteries. For lithium particular, study has shown that the cell resistance increases with increased capacity (2). As stored battery packs increase, importance of thermal management safety performance also grows, which requires an accurate model design control. A...

Lithium sulfur (LiS) batteries are a promising option for next-generation energy storage due to their high density. Applications where weight is especially important like electric flight and vehicles have driven the study of this chemistry because current technology cannot meet higher density requirements. A recent (1) estimated specific requirements short-range aircraft start at 750 Wh/kg, about 3 times lithium ion battery packs. theoretical 2600 with some companies reporting values over...

This article applies and efficiently implements the Tanks-in-Series methodology (J. Electrochem. Soc., 167, 013534 (2020)) to generate a computationally efficient electrochemical model for Lithium Sulfur batteries. The original Tank approach Lithium-ion batteries is modified account porosity changes with time. In addition, exponential scaling introduced that enables simulation of equations address wide range time constants present different reactions in Lithium-sulfur system. tank achieves...

Lithium carbon monofluoride primary batteries have a high energy density (2180 Wh/kg of active materials based on the typical discharge potential) and low self-discharge. They traditionally been used in medical devices like pacemakers with rates several years [1]. The Li/CFx also make them attractive for higher rate uses aerospace or military applications; however, capability heat generation can pose significant challenge at rates. theoretical potential CFx battery is around 4.5 V, but...

Lithium metal batteries are promising candidates for high energy storage solutions. To further increase capacity, electrolyte components can have a secondary function of storing charge through electrochemical reactions. This work focuses on modeling high-energy lithium anode and oxide cathode material potentially other materials with additional capacity from components. Physics-based be utilized to explore design space predict battery performance under various conditions. utilizes...

In the search for more energy- and power- dense battery materials, cathode is most often component that engineered to boost operating voltage capacity. However, new approaches design have yielded performance improvements by designing electrolytes with reactive species increase capacity energy density of full-cells. These borrow insights from commercial technologies such as Pb-H 2 SO 4 , Li-SO or Li-SOCl where cathodic reaction involves liquid-phase active 1–3 while employing solid-phase...

Time domain physics-based models for lithium sulfur have been developed with mechanisms of the reaction cascade and precipitation reactions, allowing a deeper understanding internal states battery. 1 Such are able to capture voltage curves well during discharge. However, there challenges reproduce charging accurately. It has suggested that charge discharge pathways different, 2 and/or rates expressions take into account numerical instability associated dissolution when need be improved. 3,4...

Lithium sulfur batteries have gained popularity due to the promise of high energy density, predicted be 2-3 times than lithium ion batteries. 1 The challenges that limit commercial success for stem from poor cyclability metal, insulating products, and polysulfide shuttle mechanism where soluble species react with metal anode, resulting in permanent active material loss. 2 complexity facing adoption has led a focus on electrolyte engineering, additives, anode coatings. complex reaction...