Brain injury may result in the development of epilepsy, one most common neurological disorders. We previously demonstrated that albumin is critical generation epilepsy after blood–brain barrier (BBB) compromise. Here, we identify TGF-β pathway activation as underlying mechanism. demonstrate direct by TGF-β1 results epileptiform activity similar to exposure albumin. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed binding receptor II, and Smad2 phosphorylation confirmed downstream this pathway. Transcriptome...

It is now well accepted that the gut microbiota contributes to our health. However, what determines composition still unclear. Whereas it might be expected intestinal niche would dominant in shaping microbiota, studies vertebrates have repeatedly demonstrated effects of external factors such as host diet and environmental microbial diversity. Hypothesizing genetic variation may interfere with discerning contributions factors, we turned Caenorhabditis elegans a new model, offering ability...

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a central model system across biological disciplines. Surprisingly, almost all research with this worm performed in the absence of its native microbiome, possibly affecting generality obtained results. In fact, C. microbiome had been unknown until recently. This review brings together results from first three studies on microbiomes, published 2016. Meta-analysis data demonstrates considerable conservation composition microbial communities,...

The study of microbiomes by sequencing has revealed a plethora correlations between microbial community composition and various life-history characteristics the corresponding host species. However, inferring causation from correlation is often hampered sheer compositional complexity microbiomes, even in simple organisms. Synthetic communities offer an effective approach to infer cause-effect relationships host-microbiome systems. Yet available suffer several drawbacks, such as artificial...

Innate immunity is an ancient and conserved defense mechanism. Although host responses toward various pathogens have been delineated, how these are orchestrated in a whole animal less understood. Through unbiased genome-wide study performed Caenorhabditis elegans, we identified function for endodermal GATA transcription factors regulating local epithelial innate immune responses. Gene expression functional RNAi-based analyses the tissue-specific factor ELT-2 as major regulator of early...

The peptide corresponding to sequence 91--108 of the hemagglutinin type A H3N2 influenza virus has been synthesized by solid-phase synthesis method and covalently attached several macromolecular carriers. conjugate with tetanus toxoid was used for immunization rabbits mice. immunoglobulin fraction rabbit antiserum showed presence antipeptide antibodies both agar gel diffusion radioimmunoassay. In latter assay, marked crossreactivity intact A/Texas/77 strain. were also capable inhibiting...

Riboswitches are natural RNA sensors that affect gene control via their capacity to bind small molecules. Their prevalence in higher eukaryotes is unclear. We discovered a post-transcriptional mechanism plants uses riboswitch metabolic feedback loop through differential processing of the precursor 3′ terminus. When cellular thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) levels rise, metabolite sensing by located TPP biosynthesis genes directs formation an unstable splicing product, and consequently drop....

The importance of our inner microbial communities for proper immune responses against invading pathogens is now well accepted, but the mechanisms underlying this protection are largely unknown. In study, we used Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate such mechanisms. Since very little known about microbes interacting with C. in its natural environment, began by taking first steps characterize microbiota. We established a natural-like environment which initially germfree, wild-type larvae were...

We examined the rate, clinical impact, and risk factors of cytomegalovirus (CMV) drug resistance in 561 patients who underwent 616 hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs) over 5 years. Drug was exclusively identified haploidentical (haplo)-HSCT recipients receiving preemptive therapy, among whom rate 14.5%. Resistance appeared after prolonged treatment (median, 70 days), associated with higher preceding viral load (P < .001), strongest predictor for disease by multivariate analysis....

Abstract Riboswitches are natural RNA elements that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by binding small molecules and thereby autonomously control intracellular levels of these metabolites. Although riboswitch-based mechanisms have been examined extensively, the integration their activity with global physiology metabolism has largely overlooked. Here, we explored regulation thiamin biosynthesis consequences pyrophosphate riboswitch deficiency on in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our...

The gut microbiota is an important contributor to host health and fitness. Given its importance, composition should not be left chance. However, what determines this far from clear, with results supporting contributions of both environmental factors genetics. To gauge the relative genetics environment, specifically microbial diversity, we characterized microbiotas Caenorhabditis species spanning 200-300 million years evolution, raised on different composted soil environments. Comparisons...

The gut microbiota contributes to host health and fitness, imbalances in its composition are associated with pathology. However, what shapes is not clear, particular the role of genetic factors. Previous work Caenorhabditis elegans defined a characteristic worm significantly influenced by genetics. current explores central regulators immunity stress resistance, employing qPCR CFU counts measure abundance core taxa mutants raised on synthetic communities previously-isolated commensals. This...

Despite their transformative importance, the perspective and role of social media platforms in creator economy remains understudied. In this research, we examine using a review approach that leverages insights from both rich account literature on in-depth interviews with several stakeholders economy. We develop framework key actors interactions central position as underlying ecosystem supports these elements. doing so, our frameworks illuminates focal roles play economy: connecting actors,...

Abstract Red algae are extremely attractive for biotechnology because they synthesize accessory photosynthetic pigments (phycobilins and carotenoids), unsaturated fatty acids, unique cell wall sulfated polysaccharides. We report a high-efficiency chloroplast transformation system the unicellular red microalgaPorphyridium sp. This is first genetic Rhodophytes based on use of mutant form gene encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase [AHAS(W492S)] as dominant selectable marker. AHAS target enzyme...

Four peptides have been synthesized, corresponding to different regions of the H3 influenza hemagglutinin, that are related antigenic sites "A" and "B" molecule. The consisted following sequences: 139-146, which forms "loop" in native hemagglutinin molecule, with either glycine or aspartic acid at position 144; 147-164, contains part determinant "B"; 138-164, comprises both loop area 147-164. were conjugated tetanus toxoid used for immunization rabbits mice. All four conjugates elicited an...

In eukaryotes, exposure to stress conditions causes a shift from cap-dependent cap-independent translation. trypanosomatids, environmental switches are the driving force of developmental program gene expression, but it is yet unclear how their translation machinery copes with constantly changing environment. Trypanosomatids have unique cap structure (cap-4) and encode four highly diverged paralogs cap-binding protein, eIF4E; none were found genetically complement yeast mutant failing express...

Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and solid organ (SOT) recipients are at high risk for severe influenza its complications, may not be adequately protected by vaccination.Liver, kidney, or liver-kidney allogeneic HSCT aged ≥1 year were randomized to oseltamivir (75 mg once daily those ≥13 years weight-based dosing children 1-12 years) placebo 12 weeks during periods of local circulation. Patients assessed infection via diary, every-other-week culture PCR, baseline end-of-treatment...