Abstract BACKGROUND Larvae of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), have a patchy distribution in soils, which complicates detection and management this insect pest. Managed turf systems are frequently under pest pressure from fungal pathogens, necessitating frequent fungicide applications. It is possible that certain turfgrass fungicides may lethal or sublethal adverse effects on eggs larvae P. inhabit managed systems. In study, first‐, second‐ third‐instar were...

The results of 2 yr field trials evaluating various chemical and biological controls Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte) white grubs in a Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir] Christmas tree production are reported here. Chemical insecticides evaluated included bifenthrin, chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, time-released imidacloprid tablets (Coretect, Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, NC). Entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser)....

Most odonate species do not typically climb higher than 50 cm when choosing an emergence support. We observed multiple of nymphs using trees as supports at heights greater and up to 4, 6.9, 14.6 m for Calopteryx maculata (Ebony Jewelwing), Somatochlora minor (Ocellated Emerald), Didymops transversa (Stream Cruiser), respectively. These represent the greatest ever documented supports. Our research suggests that some (S. minor; D. transversa) appear have a affinity climbing great during others...

The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel, and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), are common turfgrass pests of golf courses in the southeastern United States. Heat-tolerant bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.) cultivars expanding range further south, but these have not been studied for their potential host plant resistance to cutworm or armyworm. goals study were investigate feeding response armyworm newer heat-tolerant creeping cultivars, as well...

There is a lack of knowledge the arthropod communities in both wild hazelnut and cultivated hybrid ecosystems Midwestern United States. Our goal was to characterize composition these plantings. We surveyed six experimental plantings hazelnuts Wisconsin two Minnesota during growing seasons, from May 2017 August 2021. used four methods survey community plantings: ad libitum specimen observations collection, dissection buds nuts, cone traps placed on ground, beat sheet sampling plants....

In our search for the definition of life that will be relevant astrobiology, we consider various entities have some but not all their features in common with fully developed functioning life. We name these "life forms". Examples include viruses, spores, and partners syntrophy (metabolically interdependent relationships). introduce meaningful categories into which forms fit, offer a they are included. Our suggested working is chemical phenomenon occurs space time as succession combined...

We have prepared solid silicates of various phenols and studied them by the IR (infra-red) spectroscopy. Phenols are organic compounds that important in biology. Only very recently been synthesized prebiotic manner. They formed under hydrothermal conditions also simulated interstellar space. Solid phenol silicates, which we prepared, ideally suited for preservation on Earth space, their transportation The reflectance spectra were taken currently being analyzed. Our goal is to determine if...

In this paper we discuss the astrobiological importance of various viruses, nanobacteria, Archaea and bacteria. Viruses nanobacteria challenge current definitions life, but consider them here as life forms. Nanobacteria have interesting mode fossilization a potential for creating biosignatures. some bacteria make unique lipid-related compounds that can be used We focus on organisms forms seem to well suited Mars or other extraterrestrial environments are harsh. Many these share their genetic...

Mode of preservation organic materials on early Earth, Mars or other extraterrestrial objects, and during the space transport objects such as meteors, is one NASA's interests. This especially true for bio-organic materials, which could indicate life, past present. Finding preserved in some ancient rocks, example, be interpreted a biosignature. We have developed an experimental model silicification, we synthesized silica gels by reacting sodium silicate solution with various amino acids their...

We have performed the Maillard reaction of a series meteoritic amino acids with sugar ribose under simulated prebiotic conditions, in solid state at 65°C and room temperature. Many are highly reactive ribose, even isolated high molecular weight products that insoluble water, studied their structure by IR (infrared) solid-state C-13 NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopic methods. The functional groups distribution were similar among these products, comparable to previously organic...

Larvae of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), are rarely found in golf course putting greens despite seemingly ideal characteristics. Sand-based green root zones often maintained at relatively low volumetric water contents that could be unsuitable for survival P. eggs or larvae. Putting also receive frequent applications fungicides throughout growing season, and it is possible these chemicals deter females from laying eggs. This study was conducted to...

We have found that alcohols catalyze a rapid polymerization of silicic acid to silica gel upon the addition alcohols. Like amino acids, could be preserved in by two mechanisms. In first mechanism, become entombed gel. this case, only Si-O-Si bonds would observed infrared (IR) spectra. second make chemical with acid, create organo-silicates. Si-O-C IR. steric hindrance plays major role volume an alcohol required. Amino are more effective creating viscous than alcohols, and appeared form...

The Maillard reaction occurs when sugars and amino acids are mixed together in the solid state or aqueous solution. Since both sugar-like compounds found on meteorites, we hypothesized that they would also undergo reaction. Our recent work supports this idea. We have shown previously water-insoluble products substantial similarities with insoluble organic materials from meteorites. part of desert varnish Earth, which is a dark, shiny, hard rock coating contains iron manganese glazed...

Species of Plecoptera, or stoneflies, are known to use vertical emergence supports, and researchers believe many species Plecoptera exploit arboreal habitats during emergence. However, the exact nature these behaviors has largely remained a mystery. While exploring habitat potential Pinus strobus (L.) (Eastern White Pine) canopies in northern Wisconsin we observed Acroneuria lycorias (Newman) (Boreal Stonefly, Plecoptera: Perlidae) exuviae at heights as high 12m (observations 6.6, 9, 9.5,...