A5023857210- Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Irish and British Studies
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Evolution and Science Education
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Australian Indigenous Culture and History
- Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Medical History and Innovations
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Environmental Education and Sustainability
- Agricultural Economics and Policy
- Philosophy and History of Science
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Historical Economic and Social Studies
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Climate variability and models
- Occupational Health and Safety Research
- Epilepsy research and treatment
- Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
University of Oxford
2018-2024
University of Illinois Chicago
2019-2024
National Institutes of Health
1959-2022
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
2022
United Nations
2021
Rothamsted Research
2021
Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority
2018-2020
University of Nottingham
2018
Colby College
2016
Arizona State University
2002-2014
The Paris Agreement's goal of limiting the increase in global temperature to 1.5° or 2°C above preindustrial levels requires rapid reductions greenhouse gas emissions. Although reducing emissions from fossil fuels is essential for meeting this goal, other sources may also preclude its attainment. We show that even if fuel were immediately halted, current trends food systems would prevent achievement 1.5°C target and, by end century, threaten target. Meeting and ambitious changes as well all...
Agriculture is a significant contributor to anthropogenic global warming, and reducing agricultural emissions—largely methane nitrous oxide—could play role in climate change mitigation. However, there are important differences between carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which stock pollutant, (CH 4 predominantly flow pollutant. These dynamics mean that conventional reporting of aggregated CO -equivalent emission rates highly ambiguous does not straightforwardly reflect historical or anticipated...
Improved greenhouse gas (GHG) emission efficiency of production has been proposed as one the biggest potential advantages cultured meat over conventional livestock systems. Comparisons with beef are typically highlighted, it is a highly emissions intensive food product. In this study we present more rigorous comparison climate impacts and cattle than previously made. Warming evaluated using simple model that simulates different behaviours carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) nitrous oxide...
Abstract Anthropogenic global warming at a given time is largely determined by the cumulative total emissions (or stock) of long-lived climate pollutants (LLCPs), predominantly carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and emission rates flow) short-lived (SLCPs) immediately prior to that time. Under United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), reporting greenhouse gas has been standardised in terms CO -equivalent -e) using Global Warming Potentials (GWP) over 100-years, but conventional...
Abstract The atmospheric lifetime and radiative impacts of different climate pollutants can both differ markedly, so metrics that equate emissions using a single scaling factor, such as the 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 ), be misleading. An alternative approach is to report ‘warming-equivalents’ result in similar warming without requiring like-for-like weighting per emission. GWP*, an application GWPs where CO 2 -equivalence short-lived pollutant predominantly determined by...
Abstract. Here we present an update to the FaIR model for use in probabilistic future climate and scenario exploration, integrated assessment, policy analysis, education. In this have focussed on identifying a minimum level of structural complexity model. The result is set six equations, five which correspond standard impulse response used greenhouse gas (GHG) metric calculations IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report, plus one additional physically motivated equation represent state-dependent...
We have established that the frequency of LRRK2 mutations in a series 118 cases familial Parkinson's disease is 5.1%. In largest family with autosomal dominant, late-onset where affected subjects share Y1699C missense mutation we provide detailed clinical, pathological and imaging report. The phenotype this large British kindred included asymmetrical, levodopa-responsive parkinsonism unilateral leg tremor at onset foot dystonia were prominent features. There was no significant abnormality...
Taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses of great apes humans have identified two potential areas conflict between molecular morphological data: relationships among living species differentiation ape subspecies. Here we address these problems by using morphometric data. Three-dimensional landmark data from the hominoid temporal bone effectively quantify shape a complex element skull. Phylogenetic analysis distance-based methods corroborates consensus on African human phylogeny, strongly...
Abstract The hominid temporal bone offers a complex array of morphology that is linked to several different functional systems. Its frequent preservation in the fossil record gives added significance study human evolution, but its has proven difficult quantify. In this we use techniques 3D geometric morphometrics quantify differences among humans and great apes discuss results phylogenetic context. Twenty‐three landmarks on ectocranial surface provide high level anatomical detail....
Abstract This study uses elliptical Fourier analysis to quantify shape differences observed in the P 4 crown of Neandertals and anatomically modern humans. Previously, was assessed qualitatively, results suggested marked between humans (Bailey [2002] New Anat. 269 :148–156). The goal this investigate more detail, quantifying it order determine its utility for taxonomic classification phylogenetic analysis. A comparison mean shapes confirms that mesiolingual portion is truncated Neandertals,...
Abstract Ensuring the environmental integrity of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes, whether through offset arrangements, a market mechanism or non-market approaches, is priority for implementation Article 6 Paris Agreement. Any conventional outcome, such as an agreement, that involves exchanging greenhouse gases with different lifetimes can increase global warming on some timescales. We show simple ‘do no harm’ principle regarding choice metrics to use in transactions be used...
Approximately a third of all annual greenhouse gas emissions globally are directly or indirectly associated with the food system, and over half these linked to livestock production. In temperate oceanic regions, such as UK, most meat dairy is produced in extensive systems based on pasture. There much interest extent which grassland may be able sequester store more carbon partially completely mitigate other system. However, answering this question difficult due context-specificity complex...
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), traditionally thought to develop largely due environmental factors, has recently become the focus of association studies in an effort determine genetic risk factors. Here we examine all previous claims polymorphisms with TLE by attempting replication a cohort 339 patients European origin. We also if these variants contribute other types examination larger 752 representing range different epilepsies. fail clearly replicate any previously reported associations and...
This article explores the potential of a farm technology to simultaneously improve efficiency and provide wider environmental social benefits. Identifying these 'win-win-win' strategies encouraging their widespread adoption is critical achieve sustainable intensification. Using nationally representative sample 296 Irish dairy farms from 2015, propensity score matching applied measure impact milk recording on broad set sustainability indicators. The findings reveal that enhances economic by...
Methane's short atmospheric life has important implications for the design of global climate change mitigation policies in agriculture. Three different agricultural economic models are used to explore how short- and long-term warming effects methane can affect cost-effectiveness dietary transitions. Results show that choice a particular metric methane's potential is key determine optimal options, with metrics based on shorter-term impacts leading greater overall emission reduction. Also,...
Providing consumers with product-specific environmental impact information for food products (ecolabels) may promote more sustainable purchasing, needed to meet global targets. Two UK studies investigated the effectiveness of different ecolabels using an experimental online supermarket platform. Study 1 (N = 1051 participants) compared three labels against control (no label), while 2 4979) tested four designs control. found significant reductions in score (EIS) all (labels presented: values...