A5061915997- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Statistical Methods and Inference
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models
- Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Birth, Development, and Health
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Brown University
2016-2025
AMPATH
2014-2024
Boston University
2019-2024
Rhode Island Department of Health
2003-2024
Harvard University
1995-2024
University of Oxford
2024
John Brown University
2009-2023
Emory University
2021
Johns Hopkins University
2003-2021
Rogers (United States)
2021
Missing data in clinical trials can have a major effect on the validity of inferences that be drawn from trial. This article reviews methods for preventing missing and, failing that, dealing with are missing.
Missing data are ubiquitous in medical research. Although there is increasing guidance on how to handle missing data, practice changing slowly and misapprehensions abound, particularly observational Importantly, the lack of transparency around methodological decisions threatening validity reproducibility modern We present a practical framework for handling reporting analysis incomplete studies, which we illustrate using case study from Avon Longitudinal Study Parents Children. The consists...
Many long-term clinical trials collect both a vector of repeated measurements and an event time on each subject; often, the two outcomes are dependent. One example is use surrogate markers to predict disease onset or survival. Another longitudinal which have outcome-related dropout. We describe mixture model for joint distribution accommodates incomplete measures right-censored times, provide methods full maximum likelihood estimation. The illustrated through analysis data from trial new...
Research regarding treatment adherence in chronic diseases, such as hypertension, suggests that increasing complexity the medication regimen is associated with decreasing patient adherence. However, less known about relationship between and of HIV/AIDS. To examine antiretroviral (ART) understanding correct dosing to (missing doses past 1 3 days). Cross-sectional survey a cohort women living HIV/AIDS enrolled HER (HIV Epidemiologic Research) Study. Seventy-five percent patients correctly...
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the accuracy of geocoding for public health databases. METHODS: A test file 70 addresses, 50 which involved errors, was generated, and geocoded census tract block group levels by 4 commercial firms. Also, "real world" best-performing firm evaluated. RESULTS: Accuracy rates in regard ranged from 44% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 32%, 56%) 84% CI 73%, 92%). The identified as having best rate correctly 96% addresses obtained CONCLUSIONS: Public...
The monitoring of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who are treated antiretroviral medications in resource-limited settings is typically performed by use clinical and immunological criteria. early identification first-line treatment failure critical to prevent morbidity, mortality, drug resistance. Misclassification may result premature switching second-line therapy.Adult western Kenya had their viral loads (VLs) determined if they adhered therapy for >6 months were...
Objective: Few studies have assessed longitudinal genital tract HIV-1 shedding. We determined patterns of RNA shedding over time among women with suppressed plasma viral load (PVL) on antiretroviral treatment. Methods: Paired and were measured every 4 weeks. Participants classified as persistent, intermittent, or nonshedders. Longitudinal analysis examined rates the association PVL, CD4 cell count, infections. Markov transition models used to describe dynamics in using visit-to-visit...
Background There is increased risk of cardiovascular disease among HIV seropositive individuals. The prevalence highest in sub-Saharan Africa; however, HIV-related research largely derived from developed country settings. Herein, we describe the hypertension and obesity a large treatment program Kenya. Methods We performed retrospective analysis electronic medical records Western Kenya between 2006 2009. calculated HIV+ adults as well utilized multiple logistic regression analyses to examine...
Social determinants of health (SDoH) include forces, systems, and conditions that shape the environments in which people are born, grow, work, live, age. Racism climate change, for example, affect quality life other outcomes through structural factors, including economic policies, social norms, factors consequently behaviours people. Indeed, mitigating inequities requires attention to their root causes adjacent factors. SDoH can have a greater effect on than health-care spendings or...
We assessed the effect of lower genital tract infections on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA shedding in female tract. Bacterial vaginosis was significantly associated with HIV-1 expression HIV-infected women.
Background: Research regarding treatment adherence in chronic diseases, such as hypertension, suggests that increasing complexity the medication regimen is associated with decreasing patient adherence. However, less known about relationship between and of HIV/AIDS. Objective: To examine antiretroviral (ART) understanding correct dosing to (missing doses past 1 3 days). Methods: Cross-sectional survey a cohort women living HIV/AIDS enrolled HER (HIV Epidemiologic Research) Study. Results:...
Inferring causal effects from longitudinal repeated measures data has high relevance to a number of areas research, including economics, social sciences and epidemiology. In observational studies in particular, the treatment receipt mechanism is typically not under control investigator; it can depend on various factors, outcome interest. This results differential selection into levels, lead bias when standard routines such as least squares regression are used estimate effects. Interestingly,...
Abstract BACKGROUND Previous research indicates that younger women (i.e., ≤ 50) with breast carcinoma experience greater emotional distress than older > and coping style is significantly related to the psychosocial adjustment of this disease. The purpose study was evaluate through a randomized controlled trial effectiveness problem‐solving training intervention designed empower cope range difficulties when diagnosed in mid‐life. METHODS population consisted aged 50 years or who had no...
Evidence suggests that vigorous-intensity exercise interventions may be effective for smoking cessation among women; however, few studies have examined the efficacy of a moderate-intensity program. The present study female smokers. Healthy, sedentary smokers (N = 217) were randomly assigned to an 8-week cognitive-behavioral program plus (CBT+EX) or same equal contact (CBT). A subsample received nicotine replacement therapy. Results indicated CBT+EX and CBT groups equally likely attain at end...
This article describes a Bayesian hierarchical model for factor analysis of spatially correlated multivariate data. The first level specifies, each area on map, the distribution vector manifest variables conditional an underlying latent factor; at second level, area-specific factors have joint that incorporates spatial correlation. framework allows both marginal and (e.g., autoregressive) specifications is used to quantify material deprivation census tract using data from 1990 U.S. Census in...
Dual epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and alcohol use disorders, a dearth professional resources for behavioral treatment in sub-Saharan Africa, suggest the need development culturally relevant feasible interventions. The purpose this study was to test preliminary efficacy adapted six-session gender-stratified group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention delivered by paraprofessionals reduce among HIV-infected out-patients Eldoret, Kenya.