A5006500638- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Geological formations and processes
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Material Dynamics and Properties
- Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Landslides and related hazards
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Drilling and Well Engineering
- Neutrino Physics Research
Institut de physique du globe de Paris
2015-2025
Université Paris Cité
2015-2025
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2014-2025
University of California, Santa Cruz
2023
National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies
2020
Sorbonne Paris Cité
2010-2018
Sorbonne Université
1982-2014
Délégation Paris 7
2003-2012
Université du Québec à Montréal
2010
Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes pour la Microfluidique
2007
Simple thermal models based on the creation and cooling of lithosphere can account for observed subsidence ocean floor measured decreased in heat flow with age. In well‐sedimented areas, where there is little loss due to hydrothermal circulation, surface decays uniformly from values excess 6 µcal/cm² s (250 mW/m²), crust younger than 4 Ma (4 m.y. B.P.), close 1.1 (46 mW/m²) through between 120 140 Ma. After 200 predicted reach an equilibrium value 0.9 (38 mW/m²). The continents controlled by...
The principal objective of this paper is to present a simple and self‐consistent review the basic physical processes controlling heat loss from earth. To accomplish objective, we give short summary oceanic continental data compare contrast respective mechanisms loss. In oceans concentrate on effect hydrothermal circulation, continents consider in some detail model relating surface flow varying depth scales for distribution potassium, thorium, uranium. From comparison conclude that range...
The characteristics of thermal convection in a fluid whose viscosity varies strongly with temperature are studied the laboratory. At start an experiment, upper boundary isothermal layer Golden Syrup is cooled rapidly and maintained at fixed temperature. insulated bottom cools continuously. Rayleigh numbers calculated well-mixed interior between 106 108 contrasts up to 106. Thermal develops only lower part layer, remains stagnant. Vertical profiles measured precision, allowing deduction...
Basaltic volcanoes erupt in several different regimes which have not been explained. At Kilauea (Hawaii), eruption can take the form of either fire fountaining, where gas-rich jets propel lava clots to great heights atmosphere, or quiet effusive outflow vesicular lava. Another regime is commonly observed at Stromboli, large gas slugs burst intermittently vent. In an attempt provide a unifying framework for these regimes, we investigate phenomena induced by degassing reservoir empties into...
Fractional crystallization and partial melting involve relative motion of liquid solid phases chemical thermal interactions between them. To elucidate some physical principles thermosolutal convection in a reactive porous medium, we describe experiments on the directional solidification aqueous ammonium chloride solutions. The addition small amounts polymerizing agent permits variation solution viscosity independently conditions, phase diagram, permeability. Solutions were cooled from below,...
Fluid dynamical models of volcanic eruptions are usually made in the homogeneous approximation where gas and liquid constrained to move at same velocity. Basaltic exhibit characteristics separated flows, including transitions their flow regime, from bubbly slug Strombolian annular Hawaiian ones. These regimes can be characterized by a parameter called melt superficial velocity, or volume flux per unit cross section, which takes values between 10 −3 −2 m/s for flow, about 1 flow. We use...
Heat flow measurements through old seafloor demonstrate that the oceanic lithosphere is heated from below away hot spot tracks. We reevaluate hypothesis of small‐scale convection beneath with laboratory experiments in fluids whose viscosity depends strongly on temperature. Rayleigh numbers were between 10 6 and 8 contrasts up to . A layer fluid was impulsively cooled above, a cold boundary grew at top layer. After finite time, convective instabilities developed lowermost part layer, while...
At Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, the recent long‐lived eruptions of Mauna Ulu and Pu'u O'o have occurred in two major stages, defining a characteristic eruptive pattern. The first stage consists cyclic changes activity between episodes “fire fountaining” periods quiescence or effusion vesicular lava. second only continuous We suggest that these features reflect dynamics magma degassing chamber which empties into narrow conduit. In volcano chamber, gas bubbles rise through accumulate at roof foam...