The epidemiological relationship between arthropod dispersal and plant communities is poorly understood at the landscape level. We investigated connectivity of natural cultivated plants in vineyard ecosystems for red blotch disease dynamics by characterizing dietary history Spissistilus festinus, a treehopper vector grapevine virus (GRBV). Molecular analysis gut content 205 S. festinus caught 71 sites flora proximal to vineyards Napa Valley, California, USA revealed total 171 genera from 61...

Salivary secretions play critical roles in aphid–host plant interactions and are responsible for damage associated with aphid feeding. The objectives of this study were to evaluate aspects salivation the salivary constituents Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae). proteins isolated compared from three probed diets: pure water, 15% sucrose, or amino acids (100 mM serine, 100 methionine, aspartic acid, sucrose). After 6 h, more aphids settled on sucrose diet other diets, but there no...

Abstract Jasmonates such as jasmonic acid (JA) are plant‐signaling compounds that trigger induced resistance (IR) to a broad range of arthropod herbivores. JA‐dependent defenses known reduce the growth and survivorship many chewing insects, but their impact on piercing–sucking insects aphids has not been extensively investigated. In this study, was activated in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) (Solanaceae) using foliar application synthetic JA, control plants were treated with carrier...

Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is a potentially devastating exotic invasive gall wasp that rapidly spreading throughout the eastern United States, and infests all species of chestnut, Castanea spp. We investigated community associates D. in three geographic locations: Meadowview, VA, Bowling Green, KY, Broadview Heights, OH. Dissection galls observation chamber contents revealed larval mortality approaching 47%, parasitism accounts for nearly 70% mortality. Six...

Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) saliva, when injected into host plants during feeding, causes physiological changes in hosts that facilitate aphid feeding and cause injury to plants. Comparing salivary constituents among species could help identify which products are universally important for general processes, involved with specific associations, or elicit visible hosts. We compared the proteins from five species, namely, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), D. tritici (Gillette), mexicana (Baker),...

"Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" (Lso) is an economically important pathogen of solanaceous crops and the putative causal agent zebra chip disease potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). This transmitted to species by psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), but many aspects acquisition transmission processes have yet be elucidated. The present study was conducted assess interacting effects access period, incubation host plant on Lso titer in psyllids, movement from alimentary canal salivary...

An ongoing outbreak of X-Disease, associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni’ has resulted in severe economic losses for cherry and stone fruit growers the U.S. Pacific Northwest last decade. Given that this pathogen is transmitted by polyphagous leafhopper species, primarily Colladonus montanus ssp. reductus C. geminatus PNW, alternative plant hosts present a significant management concern. Here we surveyed phytoplasma incidence non-Prunus plants found around orchard borders compared...

Abstract We assessed the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), seasonal patterns of host use and/or preference using three diverse approaches. compared H. captures in small pyramid traps baited with aggregation pheromone and deployed them mid‐canopy individual trees during discrete intervals over two seasons. Whereas were greatest late season, there was no significant effect tree species on captures, presence lures likely confounding results....

Gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) induce structures (galls) on their host plants that house developing and provide them with protection from natural enemies. The Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, is an invasive pest destructive to (Castanea spp.). An improved understanding of the interactions among D. kuriphilus, its host, enemies critical for development effective management strategies against this pest. objective our study was evaluate community interactions,...

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is a vector of the phloem-limited bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso), putative causal agent zebra chip disease potato. Little known about how psyllid transmits Lso to We used electrical penetration graph (EPG) technology compare stylet probing behaviors and efficiency transmission three haplotypes (Central, Western, Northwestern). All exhibited full suite identified in previous studies with this...

Abstract ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ is a pathogen of solanaceous crops (Solanales: Solanaceae) that causes zebra chip disease potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and plant dieback in tomato (S. lycopersicum pepper (Capsicum spp.). This vectored by the potato/ psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), but little known about interactions between B. ‘Ca. solanacearum.’ Fluorescence situ hybridization was used to assess incidence hemolymph, bacteriomes, alimentary...

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major pest of pome fruit worldwide. Incorporation semiochemicals, including the main sex pheromone (codlemone), into moth IPM programs has drastically reduced amount chemical insecticides needed to control this orchard pest. Odorant receptors located in sensory neuron membranes antennae are key sensors detection semiochemicals and trigger downstream signaling events leading behavioral response. CpomOR1 an odorant...

Psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) are phloem-feeding insects that tend to be highly specific in their host plants. Some species well-known agricultural pests, often as vectors of plant pathogens. Many pest psyllids colonize fields from non-crop reproductive hosts or non-host transitory and winter shelter Uncertainty about which serve sources hinders efforts predict orchards at greater risk being colonized by psyllids. High-throughput sequencing trnL, trnF, ITS was used examine the dietary...

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a small phloem-feeding insect that develops almost exclusively on plants within the Solanaceae (Fig. 1A). psyllid was described in 1909 by Karel Sulc from specimens collected Boulder, Colorado, and found Mexico, Central America, western U.S., southern Canada, as an introduction New Zealand (Wallis 1955, Teulon et al. 2009, Munyaneza 2012). Outbreaks of North America occurred at regular intervals potatoes, tomatoes,...

Four mitochondrial (cytrochrome oxidase I) haplotypes of the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), have been identified in North America: western, central, northwestern, and southwestern. A recent study found that females northwestern haplotype mated by males western or central failed to produce viable eggs. Our goal was determine whether these patterns reproductive incompatibility are associated with differences among presence cytoplasmic...

We report on the development, evaluation, and efficient delivery of antisense oligonucleotide FANA (2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-arabinonucleotide) RNA-targeting technology into citrus trees potato plants for management bacterial pathogens arthropod pests. The ASO is a single nucleotide strand 20–24 nt in length that incorporates 2′F- chemically modifications nucleotides, along with phosphorothioate backbone modified flanking their structure called “gapmers,” produced by AUM LifeTech., Inc. These...

'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso) causes disease symptoms and economic losses in potato, tomato, other solanaceous crops North America. Lso is transmitted to plants by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, which occurs as distinct haplotypes named western, central, northwestern that differ presence or absence of bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia. Previous work showed all three vector can transmit Lso, but it was not clear whether acquisition transmission rates were equal...

Abstract The pear psyllids (Cacopsylla Ossiannilsson; Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) are a taxonomically difficult group of at least 24 species native to the Palaearctic region. One or more occur in most pear-growing regions, some cases as invasive introductions. Existing reviews this primarily taxonomic focus with limited overviews biology. earliest biological studies centered on core few western European species. In part, arose because diversity was poorly understood. As understanding...

Potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is a key pest of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L., Solanales: Solanaceae) and vector " Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum," the pathogen associated with zebra chip disease. In addition to its presence on cultivated crops, psyllid regularly occurs numerous uncultivated annual perennial species within Solanaceae. A better understanding landscape-level ecology B. would substantially improve our ability predict which fields are...

ABSTBACT Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) causes economic damage to a wide range of crops in the western United States. While stylet-probing, L. discharge saliva consisting lytic enzymes that facilitate extraoral digestion host tissues. primarily consists polygalacturonases, α-amylases, and proteases, but salivary constituents other than these have not been documented. Improved knowledge proteins could lead better understanding Lygus-host interactions, aid development are resistant...