Global climate change drives variations in species distribution patterns and affects biodiversity, potentially increasing the risk of extinction. Investigating potential range under future global is crucial for biodiversity conservation ecosystem management. In this study, we collected distributional data 5282 reptile to assess their status based on ranges using models. Our predictions indicate that over half these are projected decrease different scenarios. Under scenarios with relatively...

Hibernation is a crucial adaptive strategy for amphibians, facilitating survival in harsh environmental conditions by lowering metabolic rates and reducing energy use. This study employed GC-MS LC-MS metabolomics to systematically analyze the serum metabolome of Bufo gargarizans during hibernation, aiming uncover its adaptation mechanisms. A total 136 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified, which 115 downregulated 21 upregulated, mainly involved amino acid, carbohydrate,...

Sexual dimorphism, a widespread phenomenon across the animal kingdom, encompasses differences between sexes in size, morphology, and physiological traits. In this study, we investigated sexual dimorphism flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle, which is critical for amplexus Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans), using integrated transcriptomic metabolomic approaches. Male exhibited significantly larger FCR muscles, reflecting enhanced muscle function required sustained amplexus. Transcriptomic...

The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) signaling system is involved in numbers of stress-related physiological and pathological responses, including its inhibiting effects on estradiol (E2) synthesis follicular development the ovary. In addition, there are reports that microRNAs (miRNAs) can control function animal reproductive system. aim present study was to investigate functions miR-375 relationship between CRH molecules porcine First, our common PCR results show receptor 1 (CRHR1)...

Climate change is a significant driver of changes in the distribution patterns species and poses threat to biodiversity, potentially resulting extinctions. Investigating potential rare endangered crucial for understanding their responses climate conservation biodiversity ecosystem management. The Szechwan rat snake (Euprepiophis perlacea) an endemic co-distributed with giant pandas, studying its contributes better pattern species. In this study, we confirmed seven presence points Yingjing...

Highlights•De novo chromosome-level assembly of the Fejervarya multistriata genome•Identification genes adapted to hibernation in ectothermic animals•Regulation molecular pathways related ectothermsSummaryAmphibians, like paddy frog (Fejervarya multistriata), have played a critical role transition from water land. Hibernation is vital survival adaptation cold environments with limited food resources. We decoded genome reveal adaptations linked ectotherms. The contained 13 chromosomes,...

Sexual dimorphism is often considered to be the result of differences in intensity sexual selection between sexes. From this point view, limb bones Bufo gargarizans southwest China was studied. Results showed that fore- and hindlimb skeletons species were sexually dimorphic anatomy. The humerus, radioulna, total lengths forelimb skeleton males substantially longer than those females, but hand length smaller females. Several other features males, such as deltoid medial crest areas humerus...

Abstract It is known that the LIM homeodomain transcription factor Isl1 highly expressed in all pancreatic endocrine cells and functions regulating development insulin secretion. The mutation has been found to be associated with type 2 diabetes, but mechanism responsible for regulation of synthesis secretion still needs elucidated. In present study, protein inhibitor activated STAT Y (PIASy) was identified as a novel Isl1-interacting yeast two-hybrid system, its interaction further confirmed...

Amplexus is a type of mating behavior among toads that essential for successful external fertilization. Most studies have primarily focused on the behavioral diversity amplexus, and less known regarding metabolic changes occurring in amplectant males. The aim this study was to compare profiles Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) males breeding period (BP group) resting non-breeding (NP group). A metabolomic analysis conducted flexor carpi radialis (FCR), an forelimb muscle responsible clasping...

Adaptive evolution is the process by which organisms change their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics to adapt different environments during long-term natural selection. Especially, researching variation in organ size can provide important insights into morphological adaptation amphibians. In this study, we comparatively studied differences sizes (heart, lungs, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, spleen, digestive tract, testes brain) among five geographical populations of...

Abstract Aim Genetic diversity driven by natural selection contributes to population divergence in amphibians, thus facilitating local adaptation climate change. Understanding the mechanisms of genetic is one important issues evolutionary biology. This study set out reveal drivers responsible for intraspecific Fejervarya multistriata and further investigate potential involvement selected genes responding challenges. Location China. Method To identify adaptive traits associated with change,...

Climate change promotes variations in distribution ranges, potentially leading to biodiversity loss and increased extinction risks for species. It is crucial investigate these under future climate scenarios effective conservation. Here, we studied the ranges of 268 Testudoformes species using habitat models, specifically models (SDMs), assess their conservation status. Our results have indicated that over half are projected experience declines potential two scenarios. In particular, found...

Abstract Variations in skin structures can possibly reflect local adaptation to distinct environmental factors. As the primary interface with surrounding environment, amphibian undergoes phenotypic innovations that play a key role protection, water absorption, and respiration. However, effects of factors on have been examined only limited number species. Here, we conducted comparative analysis 102 Chinese anuran species across varying geographical distributions habitat types. Our results...

The geographic variation in life-history traits of organisms and the mechanisms underlying adaptation are interesting ideas evolutionary biology. This study investigated age body size Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) among five populations along a geographical gradient. We found that was non-significant but there significant positive correlation between mean size. Although values at 1043 m quite different from other sites, after controlling for effects, altitude Our findings...