Abstract Harsh hakea (Hakea prostrata R.Br.) is a member of the Proteaceae family, which highly represented on extremely nutrient-impoverished soils in southwest Australia. When phosphorus limiting, harsh develops proteoid or cluster roots that release carboxylates mobilize sparingly soluble phosphate rhizosphere. To investigate physiology underlying synthesis and exudation from Proteaceae, we measured O2 consumption, CO2 release, internal carboxylate concentrations exudation, abundance...

Polyploidy affects photosynthesis by causing changes in morphology, anatomy and biochemistry. However, newly developed polyploids, the genome may be unstable. In this study, diploid (2×) synthetic autotetraploids initial (4×-C0) 11th generations (4×-C11) of Phlox drummondii Hook were used to study effects chromosome doubling stabilisation on leaf anatomical properties. The light-saturated photosynthetic rate a area basis at 360 µmol CO2 mol-1 air (A360) was highest 4×-C11 leaves,...

Nitrogen fixation in nodules that contain symbiotic rhizobial bacteria enables legumes to thrive nitrogen-poor soils. However, this symbiosis is energy consuming. Therefore, strictly control nodulation at both local and systemic levels. Mutants deficient such controls exhibit a range of phenotypes from non-nodulation hypernodulation. Here, we isolated novel hypernodulation mutant the M(2) progeny derived Lotus japonicus MG-20 seeds mutagenized by irradiation with carbon ion beam. We named...

We examined the effects of geminivirus infection on fitness components and photosynthetic properties host plant, Eupatorium makinoi, grown at two irradiance levels in a natural‐light greenhouse. Under low‐light condition (13% full sunlight), more than half infected plants died during 9‐mo experiment, while most uninfected survived. Growth rate was also lowered by infection. At high light (50% contrast, virus did not cause mortality despite slight decrease growth rate. Flowering occurred only...

White lupin (Lupinus albus) produces cluster roots, an adaptation to low soil phosphorus (P). Cluster roots exude large levels of P-solubilizing compounds such as citrate and malate. In contrast, narrow leaf (L. angustifolius) is closely related L. albus, but does not produce roots. To examine the different strategies for P acquisition, we compared growth, biomass allocation, respiratory properties construction cost between albus angustifolius under P-deficient conditions. Both Lupinus...

Infection of Eupatorium yellow vein geminivirus (EpYVV, formerly called tobacco leaf curl virus, TLCV) causes variegation in makinoi Kawahara et Yahara leaves. We examined changes photosynthesis during development to clarify what is the primary event when suppressed virus-infected E. The gas-exchange rate, absorptance, chlorophyll (Chl) and nitrogen contents, anatomy chloroplast ultrastructure were compared between uninfected leaves at various developmental stages. These photosynthetic...

Under phosphorus (P) deficiency, Lupinus albus develops cluster roots that allow efficient P acquisition, while L. angustifolius without also grows well. Both species are non-mycorrhizal. We quantitatively examined the carbon budgets to investigate different strategies of these species. Biomass allocation, respiratory rates, protein amounts and carboxylate exudation rates were in hydroponically-grown plants treated with low (1 μM; P1) or high (100 P100) P. At P1, formed roots, increased...

Modified atmosphere packaging and controlled storage (hypoxia conditions) extend shelf lives of horticultural products by depressing the O2 uptake rate. We investigated relationship between atmospheres alternative oxidase (AOX) to cytochrome c (COX) activities (on basis oxygen isotope discrimination) relative amounts two respiratory enzymes, AOX COX, during early stage storage. Broccoli florets, with high rates, were stored under hypoxia normoxia at 25 °C. weight loss, yellowing broccoli...

We studied the effects of virus infection on dynamics three Eupatorium makinoi populations in contrasting light environments, Gora-dani (a shaded population) and Minou 1 2 (open-site populations). Censuses plants were taken for 8 yr 4 2. After epidemics infection, most infected at both sites. The number proportion flowering individuals decreased rapidly simultaneously population Gora-dani. By contrast, open-site Minou, first, then gradually. Growth analysis revealed that stem growth was...

During winter, subalpine conifers experience frequent freeze-thaw cycles in stem xylem that may cause embolism and pit aspiration due to increased water volume during the sap ice transition. This study examined occurrence ecological impacts of a combination freeze-thaw-induced triggered by natural artificial freezing. In Veitch's fir (Abies veitchii) trees, fraction closed pits embolized tracheids as well conductivity losses were measured examine its effects. When trees incurred mild drought...

Eupatorium makinoi plants with or without geminivirus infection were grown in shading frames 70, 15 and 5.5% sunlight. Growth characteristics of these the early vegetative phase compared by means growth analysis. We also measured leaf photosynthetic gas exchange rates examined relationships between photosynthesis whole‐plant growth. Relative rate (RGR=(1/W)×(dW/dt), where W is plant dry mass) virus‐infected was lower than that uninfected under all three light conditions. The reduction RGR...

Abstract: Plant viruses are prevalent in wild plants. However, few studies have been conducted on virus infection natural plant communities. This paper describes a series of our the Eupatorium makinoi ‐geminivirus system order to consider role is short‐lived perennial, which widely distributed Japan. Variegated E. plants caused by geminivirus field. After epidemic local population, number declined and, consequently, population nearly became extinct. Inferior performances virus‐infected were...

Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage, that is, at low O2 and high CO2 concentrations, effectively extends the shelf life of horticultural products. The influence CA storage (O2/CO2: 2.5%/6.0% or 2.5%/0.0%) in normal air (both 1 °C for 21 d) on physicochemical (O2 uptake, mass loss L-ascorbate) biological properties broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica, Plenck, 1794) via amounts activities terminal oxidases electron transport chain was investigated. Mass loss, a sensitive index freshness...

A novel chiral peptide nucleic acid, ornithine-based nucleobase-linked polyamide (ONA), aimed to hybrid with a DNA duplex form triplexes, was designed and synthesized. The monomers composed of the backbone serine-derived side chains were synthesized in stereocontrolled manners. diastereopure oligomers by solid-phase method using monomers. Highly cross-linked polystyrene (HCP) resin employed as solid support minimize aggregation oligomer which suspected occur during chain elongation. By use...

Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage, under atmospheres with low O2 and high CO2 concentrations, is effective for extending the shelflife of horticultural products. We investigated influence CA storage (O2/CO2: 2.5%/6.0% or 2.5%/0.0%) at 1C 21 d versus normoxia (normal air) on physicochemical biological properties broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica, Plenck, 1794) via amounts activities terminal oxidases electron transport chain. Mass loss, a sensitive index freshness heads CA, was...

Viruses are one of the most important biotic stresses not only for cultivated plants, but also wild plants. Recent advances in molecular biological techniques have clarified many aspects viruses. However, a few studies been conducted about responses host plants to viruses, especially I examined virus infection using Eupatorium makinoi-geminivirus system point out importance plant viruses natural communities. Variegated E. makinoi caused by geminivirus prevalent fields Japan. The population...