A5040270110- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Agriculture and Farm Safety
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
New South Wales Department of Primary Industries
2016-2025
Agricultural Institute
1995-2024
James Cook University
2021-2024
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
2023
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
2020
University College London
2020
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
2016-2018
Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness
2015-2018
AgriBio
2018
La Trobe University
2018
We isolated an apparently new virus in the family Paramyxoviridae from stillborn piglets with deformities at a piggery New South Wales, Australia. In 1997, pregnancy rate and litter size decreased markedly, while proportion of mummified fetuses increased. found serologic evidence infection pigs affected two associated piggeries, humans exposed to infected pigs, fruit bats. Menangle is proposed as common name for this agent, should further studies confirm that it newly recognized virus.
Over the past 6 years, a number of zoonotic and vectorborne viral diseases have emerged in Southeast Asia Western Pacific. Vectorborne disease agents discussed this article include Japanese encephalitis, Barmah Forest, Ross River, Chikungunya viruses. However, most emerging viruses been zoonotic, with fruit bats, including flying fox species as probable wildlife hosts, these will be well. The first to emerge was Hendra virus, formerly called equine morbillivirus. This followed by outbreaks...
In March 2010, an outbreak of low pathogenicity avian influenza A (H10N7) occurred on a chicken farm in Australia. After processing clinically normal birds from the farm, 7 abattoir workers reported conjunctivitis and minor upper respiratory tract symptoms. Influenza virus subtype H10 infection was detected 2 workers.
Abstract To determine the cause of an unprecedented outbreak encephalitis among horses in New South Wales, Australia, 2011, we performed genomic sequencing viruses isolated from affected and mosquitoes. Results showed that most cases were caused by a variant West Nile virus (WNV) strain, WNVNSW2011, is closely related to WNV Kunjin (WNVKUN), indigenous strain Australia. Studies mouse models for pathogenesis WNVNSW2011 substantially more neuroinvasive than prototype WNVKUN strain. In this...
Pteropid bats or flying-foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) are the natural host of Hendra virus (HeV) which sporadically causes fatal disease in horses and humans eastern Australia. While there is strong evidence that urine an important infectious medium likely drives bat to transmission horse transmission, uncertainty about relative importance alternative routes excretion such as nasal oral secretions, faeces. Identifying potential HeV effectively mitigate equine exposure risk at bat-horse...
Unmated heifers seronegative to bovine pestivirus were used investigate the effects on conception and embryo-fetal survival of infection around time artificial insemination. The reproductive performances three groups compared; control group did not become infected during pregnancy, 1 by contact with a persistently cow calf four days after insemination 2 intranasally nine before Conception rates monitored serial serum progesterone assays, transrectal ultrasonography manual palpation uterus....
Five mature bulls were studied during an acute transient infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The had been infected experimentally by the intranasal instillation of blood and serum from a cow which was persistent carrier virus. Infection confirmed demonstration low titred viraemia in four five animals seroconversion all five. Semen samples collected each bull on occasions between seven 14 days after infection. isolated semen three nine 12 batches them. In contrast to other...
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is divided into 2 different species within the Pestivirus genus, BVDV type 1 (BVDV-1) and (BVDV-2). Further phylogenetic analysis has revealed subgenotype groupings types. Thus far, 12 BVDV-1 subgenotypes (a-l) BVDV-2 (a b) have been identified. The purpose of current study was to determine prevalence in United States Australia if there are detectable antigenic differences between prevalent subgenotypes. To prevalence, performed on blinded panels isolates...
Abstract During the 2007 equine influenza outbreak in Australia, respiratory disease dogs close contact with infected horses was noted; (H3N8) virus infection confirmed. Nucleotide sequence of from identical to that horses. No evidence dog-to-dog transmission or persistence found.
Hendra virus (HeV) causes highly lethal disease in horses and humans the eastern Australian states of Queensland (QLD) New South Wales (NSW), with multiple equine cases now reported on an annual basis. Infection excretion dynamics pteropid bats (flying-foxes), recognised natural reservoir, are incompletely understood. We sought to identify key spatial temporal factors associated flying-foxes over a 2300 km latitudinal gradient from northern QLD southern NSW which encompassed all known case...
Akabane virus is a Culicoides-borne orthobunyavirus that teratogenic to the fetus of cattle and small ruminant species. Depending upon stage gestation atwhich infection occurs, length mammalian host, range congenital defects may be observed. The developing central nervous system usually most severely affected, with hydranencephaly arthrogryposis frequently Less commonly, some strains can cause encephalitis in neonate or, rarely, adult cattle. viruses are known widespread temperate tropical...
Bluetongue virus is the type species of genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. viruses (BTV) are transmitted between their vertebrate hosts primarily by biting midges (Culicoides spp.) in which they also replicate. Consequently BTV distribution dependent on activity, geographic distribution, and seasonal abundance Culicoides spp. The can be vertically hosts, some strains/serotypes horizontally absence insect vectors. genome composed ten linear segments double-stranded (ds) RNA, numbered order...
In mid-February 2015, a large number of deaths were observed in the sole extant population an endangered species freshwater snapping turtle, Myuchelys georgesi, coastal river New South Wales, Australia. Mortalities continued for approximately 7 weeks and affected mostly adult animals. More than 400 dead or dying animals surveys conducted after outbreak had ceased indicated that only very small proportion survived, severely threatening viability wild population. At necropsy, poor body...
Abstract In 2022, a genotype IV (GIV) strain of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) caused an unprecedented and widespread outbreak disease in pigs humans Australia. As no veterinary vaccines against JEV are approved Australia all current human derived from (G) III strains, we used the recently described insect-specific Binjari (BinJV) chimeric flavivirus vaccine technology to produce GIV candidate. Herein describe production displaying structural prM E proteins isolate obtained stillborn...
After an apparently new virus in the family Paramyxoviridae was isolated from pigs August 1997, investigation carried out to assess its risk for humans. More than 250 persons with potential exposure infected were tested serologically. Two piggery workers intense occupational had high convalescent-phase antibody titers this virus. In early June both influenzalike illness rash; serologic testing showed no alternative cause. Strong evidence indicates that two men became ill virus, but mode of...
A prospective study of the incidence and severity congenital deformities calves, attributable to maternal infection by Akabane virus, was carried out on a population 174 susceptible animals that were between one nine months pregnant at time infection. The in Hunter Valley New South Wales during 1983, after an epidemic virus late February early March 1983. virus-induced abnormalities calves fetuses 17.8 per cent (31/174). highest occurred third sixth gestation (27 29 cent). earliest...
We investigated carriage of avian influenza viruses by wild birds in Australia, 2005-2008, to assess the risks poultry industries and human health. collected 21,858 (7,357 cloacal, 14,501 fecal) samples detected 300 viruses, representing a detection rate ≈1.4%. Rates were highest autumn (March-May) differed substantially between bird types, areas, years. typed 107 identified 19 H5, 8 H7, 16 H9 (40% viruses). All low pathogenicity. These formed clearly different phylogenetic clades lineages...
ABSTRACT Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus that causes a debilitating disease of cattle in Africa, Asia, and Australia; however, its global geodynamics are poorly understood. An evolutionary analysis G gene (envelope glycoprotein) ectodomain sequences 97 BEFV isolates collected from Australia during 1956 to 2012 revealed all have single common ancestor phylogenetically distinct sampled other geographical regions. The age the Australian clade estimated be...
Abstract Background Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases in intensively managed cattle, often resulting high morbidity and mortality. Although several pathogens have been isolated extensively studied, complete infectome complex consists a more extensive range unrecognised species. Here, we used total RNA sequencing (i.e., metatranscriptomics) nasal nasopharyngeal swabs collected from animals with without BRD two cattle feedlots Australia. Results A abundance...
In November of 1997 an outbreak highly pathogenic avian influenza occurred near the town Tamworth, in northern New South Wales, Australia. The viruses isolated from chickens on two commercial chicken farms were identified as H7N4 viruses, with hemagglutinin cleavage site amino acid sequences RKRKRG and intravenous pathogenicity indices 2.52 2.90, respectively. A virus identical nucleotide sequence, but index 1.30, was also cloacal swabs collected asymptomatic emus kept a third property.
During the certification of bulls at an artificial breeding centre for freedom from pestivirus infection, a single viraemic bull was identified, and further testing confirmed that it persistently infected. The two-year-old healthy similar bodyweight to its peers. Its semen normal quality on basis density, motility morphological criteria. Approximately 600 doses had been distributed sire evaluation purposes 97 dairy farms. An examination records indicated first service conception rate 38 per...