We evaluated the effect of increasing amounts rumen-degradable intake protein (DIP) on urea kinetics in steers consuming prairie hay. Ruminally and duodenally fistulated (278 kg BW) were used a 4 x Latin square provided ad libitum access to low-quality hay (4.9% CP). The DIP was as casein dosed ruminally once daily 0, 59, 118, 177 mg N/kg BW daily. Periods 13 d long, with 7 for adaptation 6 collection. Steers metabolism crates total collection urine feces. Jugular infusion (15)N(15)N-urea,...

Black Soldier Fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) has been the focus of recent feeding trials in poultry, swine, and fish; however, vivo research not yet conducted cattle. Accordingly, a study was to evaluate effects BSFL as protein supplement beef steers. Six steers (603 ± 20 kg BW, n = 3 404 17 3) consuming King Ranch bluestem hay (6.55% dry matter [DM] crude [CP]) ad libitum were used two simultaneous × Latin squares. Steers provided one three treatments each period: 1) control with no...

An experiment was designed to determine the effects of ruminal and postruminal infusions ruminally degradable protein (casein) on intake digestion low-quality hay by beef steers. Twelve fistulated Angus x Hereford steers (initial BW = 563 kg) were blocked weight assigned one three treatments: control (C; only) or plus (R) (P) infusion 400 g/d sodium caseinate. The trial consisted five periods: 1) 10-d adaptation diet; 2) 7-d measurement (without infusions); 3) treatments (intake measurements...

Abstract A model was developed to estimate beef’s contribution toward meeting human protein requirements using a summative of net (NPC) and methane production. NPC calculated by multiplying the ratio human-edible (HeP) in beef HeP feedstuffs quality (PQR). PQR describes change biological value that occurs when plant-derived is converted beef. An > 1 indicates production system positively contributing requirements; systems with < reduce available meet requirements. Scenarios...

Abstract As the insect-rearing industry scales in United States and other developed nations, it has potential to create multiple product streams (e.g., oil protein-rich biomass) for existing markets. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) been identified as a livestock feed because is not expected compete human food sector its production lesser environmental footprint than that of conventional feeds. Existing research on BSFL focuses full-fat poultry aquaculture. Therefore,...

Abstract Thirty mature Quarter Horse geldings were used in a completely randomized 32-d study to test the hypotheses that supplemental live Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 improves apparent digestion, stabilizes fecal pH, reduces gut permeability, maintains microbial communities, and decreases inflammation horses fed high-starch diet. Horses stratified by body weight, age, condition score (BCS) one of two treatments: concentrate formulated with 2g starch • kg BW-1 meal-1 (CON; n=15) or...

Abstract Insects reared in large-scale, commercial settings may be a sustainable alternative to conventional livestock feeds. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) has been researched as potential protein supplement for cattle, but knowledge gaps remain how BSFL affects rumen microbial populations. Further, frass and larval sheddings (FRS) are produced greater quantities than biomass N rich have not investigated feed. Accordingly, the objective of our study was compare effects isonitrogenous...

We evaluated the effect of frequency and amount rumen-degradable intake protein (DIP) on urea kinetics in steers consuming prairie hay. Five ruminally duodenally fistulated (366 kg BW) were used a 5 x Latin square provided ad libitum access to low-quality hay (4.7% CP). Casein was daily amounts 61 183 mg N/kg BW (61/d 183/d) every third day 61, 183, 549 per supplementation event (61/3d, 183/3d, 549/3d). Periods 18-d long with 9 d for adaptation collection. Steers metabolism crates total...

The objective of this study was to determine bacterial community profiles the equine cecum in response abrupt inclusion varying levels dietary starch. Seven cecally cannulated Quarter Horse geldings (497 580 kg) were used a crossover design with two 28-d periods and washout between each. Horses randomly assigned treatments consisting commercial concentrate offered as fed at either 0.6 (low starch [LS]) or 1.2% BW (high [HS]) daily that divided into 2 meals 12-h intervals. Prior start each...

Algal biomass has been identified as a third-generation biofuel. Significant quantities of the coproduct postextraction algal residue (PEAR) remain after lipid extraction. After extraction, PEAR is concentrated in protein (17.9% CP on DM basis and 32.5% an ash-free basis), suggesting it may be alternative to cottonseed meal (CSM) supplement. Our objectives were determine optimal level supplementation steers consuming straw compare effects utilization N metabolism with isonitrogenous CSM....

Two experiments were conducted to quantify the impact on forage use and performance of varying supplementation frequency cattle consuming diets across a range frequencies. In both experiments, common supplement was used that contained relatively high concentration CP (43%) fed at following frequencies: 1) 2 d/wk; 2) 3 3) 5 4) 7 d/wk. Exp. 1, 120 Hereford x Angus cows (BW = 537 kg) grazing winter tallgrass-prairie supplemented various frequencies from December until calving (average date...

We evaluated the effect of undegradable intake protein (UIP) on urea kinetics and microbial incorporation urea-N in ruminally duodenally fistulated steers ( n 4; 319 kg) provided ad libitum access to grass hay a 4 × Latin square. Casein was continuously infused abomasally amounts 0, 62, 124 186 mg N/kg body weight per d simulate provision UIP. Periods were 13 long with 7 for adaptation 6 collection. Jugular infusion [ 15 N N]urea followed by determination urinary enrichment 14 used measure...

Effects of monensin inclusion and cattle subspecies on utilization bermudagrass hay (13.7% CP, 77.3% NDF, 38.8% ADF) were evaluated using ruminally cannulated steers (5 Bos taurus indicus [BI] 5 [BT]; 398 kg BW). Subspecies concurrently subjected to a 2-period, 2-treatment crossover design. Treatments 0 (CON) or 200 mg·steer−1·d−1 (MON) in 0.91 dried distillers' grains with solubles. Periods 70 d length: 20 adaptation, 22 sample collection, 28 for withdrawal treatment. Steers group housed...

Bos indicus typically perform better than taurus when consuming a low-quality diet; however, the response to supplementation is generally greater in B. taurus. The underlying mechanisms supporting these responses have not been fully elucidated. Characterization of differences rumen prokaryotic populations and their functional role two subspecies may provide additional insight. Ten cannulated steers (5 Angus 5 Brahman) were used concurrent × Latin squares. Animals offered ad libitum access...

Abstract Background The fecal microbiome of healthy horses may be influenced by signalment, diet, environmental factors, and disease. Objectives To assess the effects age, breed, sex, geographic location, season, colitis caused antibiotic use (antimicrobial‐associated diarrhea [AAD]) Salmonella infection on microbiota. Animals Healthy ( n = 80) were sampled from nonhospital environments across multiple geographical locations in United States. Horses with AAD 14) defined as those that...

Black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) larvae (BSFL) have potential to be utilised as livestock feed. Cattle, specifically, may an ideal market for BSFL due their specialised digestive physiology and the size of cattle feeding industry. Currently, however, value feed is unknown. This creates a critical limitation evaluating feasibility deters insect rearing industry from pursuing outlet products. Accordingly, objective our study was predict nutrient source cattle. To achieve this, we...

Two experiments were conducted to examine the impact of source, urea (U) or Optigen II (OP), and level dietary NPN on performance (Exp.1) N balance (Exp. 2) growing cattle. Sixty Angus crossbred steers (initial BW = 353 ± 13.9 kg) used evaluate performance, fed 1 3 steam-flaked corn based diets: U (U(1.2), 1.2% NPN), OP (OP(1.3), 1.3% without cottonseed meal (OP(3.1), 3.1% NPN). U(1.2)and OP(1.3) contained as CP sources, whereas OP(3.1) only NPN. For Exp. 1, blocked by postweaning assigned...

We hypothesized that abomasal infusion of glucose would promote de novo fatty acid biosynthesis from in vitro bovine intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissues to a greater extent than ruminal acetate, propionate, or glucose. Angus crossbred steers (n = 24), 22 mo age, were fitted with cannulas, adapted another corn/sorghum finishing diet over 2-wk period while recovering the placement cannulas. After adaptation period, fed second at 130% their voluntary intake infused...

Journal Article Metabolic studies reveal that ruminal microbes of adult steers do not degrade rumen-protected or unprotected L-citrulline Get access Kyler R Gilbreath, Gilbreath Department Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gayan I Nawaratna, Nawaratna Tryon A Wickersham, Wickersham https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8038-4152 M Carey Satterfield, Satterfield Fuller W Bazer, Bazer...