Cellular materials have been used in many applications such as insulation, packaging, and protective gear. Expanded polystyrene has widely energy-absorbing liner helmets due to its excellent cost-benefit relation. This synthetic material can absorb reasonable amounts of energy via permanent deformation. However, real-world accidents, may be subjected multi-impact scenarios. Additionally, oil-derived plastic is presently a major source societal concern regarding pollution waste. As...

Purpose Currently, there are some finite element head models developed by research groups all around the world. Nevertheless, majority not geometrically accurate. One of problems is brain geometry, which usually resembles a sphere. This may raise when reconstructing any event that involves kinematics, such as accidents, affecting correct evaluation resulting injuries. Thus, purpose this study to develop new model more accurate than existing ones. Design/methodology/approach In work, and...

Cork is a sustainable material with remarkable properties. In addition to its main application as wine stoppers, it has also been employed sound and thermal insulator in facades, building roofs, aeronautical applications, and, more recently, impact energy absorption systems. natural form, cork mainly used stopper manufacturing, but for other compounds are usually employed, which makes possible manufacture complex geometries nearly isotropic behavior. this work, an attempt was made merge the...

The aim of this work was to assess the numerous approaches structural and material modeling brain tissue under dynamic loading conditions. current technological improvements in have led various described literature. However, methods used for determination brain’s characteristics not always been stated or clearly defined data are even more scattered. Thus, research paper explicitly underlines directions development numerical models. An important element is a model based on medical imaging...

Every year approximately 1.35 million people die as a consequence of road accidents. Almost 50% fatalities are vulnerable users (VRUs). This research reviews the history traffic safety for VRUs, presents an interesting insight into statistics and evaluates current legislation in Europe pedestrians, cyclists, children on bicycle-mounted seats motorcyclists terms impact situations applied criteria. enabled author to have better perspective how VRUs’ is currently verified. Furthermore, VRU...

The article presents the results of analysis electric scooter user kinematics after a crash against vehicle. share scooters (e-scooters) in urban traffic has been growing recent years. number road accidents involving e-scooters is also increasing. However, safety situation users insufficiently researched terms and injury outcomes. importance this problem based on an in-depth literature e-scooter-related types accidents, injuries percentages, helmet use. Subsequently, four accident scenarios...

Urban air mobility (UAM) is expected to provide environmental benefits while enhancing transportation for citizens and businesses, particularly in commercial emergency medical applications. The rapid development of electric vertical take-off landing (eVTOL) aircraft has demonstrated the potential introduce new technological capabilities market, fostering visions widespread diverse UAM This paper reviews state-of-the-art occupant safety personal drones examines existing protection methods...

Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze effectiveness hard hat helmets in mitigating head injuries from high-energy falling objects through a real-world case study, advanced numerical simulations and an uncertainty study. aims answer following research questions: (a) what extent would use protective helmet limit kinetic energy construction prop, (b) whether be damaged, if so, extent, according standards? A fatal accident involving prop impact on victim’s reconstructed using multi-body...

This article presents a quasi-static and dynamic study of the energy absorption aluminium composite foams by investigating four types cast produced different technologies: foaming in liquid state, casting metal around granule gas continuous rolling. Aluminium alloys were base material. The main intention is to present results confirming possibility using aluminium-based liquefied natural tanks. For this reason, goal research was evaluate structural stability at sub-zero as well extremely...

Traumatic brain injuries are one of the leading causes death and disability in world. To better understand interactions forces applied different constituents human head, several finite element head models have been developed throughout years, for offering a good cost-effective ethical approach compared to experimental tests. Once validated, female model (FeFEHM) will allow understanding injury mechanisms resulting neuronal damage, which can later evolve into neurodegenerative diseases.This...

The human head is a complex multi-layered structure of hard and soft tissues, governed by materials laws interactions. Computational models the have been developed over years, reaching high levels detail, complexity, precision. However, most attention has devoted to brain other intracranial structures. skull, despite playing major role in direct impacts, often overlooked simplified. In this work, new skull model for authors' model, YEAHM, based on original outer geometry, but segmenting it...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem among children. The predominant causes of TBI in young children are motor vehicle accidents, firearm incidents, falls, and child abuse. limitation vivo studies on the human has made finite element modelling an important tool to study injury. Numerical models based approach can provide valuable data biomechanics tissues help explain many pathological conditions. This work reviews existing numerical child’s head. However, literature...

The human head is sometimes subjected to impact loads that lead skull fracture or other injuries require the removal of part skull, which called craniectomy. Consequently, removed portion replaced using autologous bone alloplastic material. aim this work develop a cranial implant fulfil defect created on and then study its mechanical performance by integrating it finite element model. material chosen for was PEEK, thermoplastic polymer has been recently used in cranioplasty. A6 numerical...