Cork is a sustainable material with remarkable properties. In addition to its main application as wine stoppers, it has also been employed sound and thermal insulator in facades, building roofs, aeronautical applications, and, more recently, impact energy absorption systems. natural form, cork mainly used stopper manufacturing, but for other compounds are usually employed, which makes possible manufacture complex geometries nearly isotropic behavior. this work, an attempt was made merge the...

Fuel contamination of engine lubricating oil has been previously determined to arise from two independent phenomena: the effect on flash point, and changing lubrication conditions tribological pairs. This paper combines these effects holistically analyzes consequences fuel in a trunk piston risk crankcase explosion. The author hypothesized that diesel as an contaminant increases explosion due interaction factors: (1) changes oil’s combustible properties, (2) deterioration engine’s nodes,...

The aim of this work was to assess the numerous approaches structural and material modeling brain tissue under dynamic loading conditions. current technological improvements in have led various described literature. However, methods used for determination brain’s characteristics not always been stated or clearly defined data are even more scattered. Thus, research paper explicitly underlines directions development numerical models. An important element is a model based on medical imaging...

The article presents the results of analysis electric scooter user kinematics after a crash against vehicle. share scooters (e-scooters) in urban traffic has been growing recent years. number road accidents involving e-scooters is also increasing. However, safety situation users insufficiently researched terms and injury outcomes. importance this problem based on an in-depth literature e-scooter-related types accidents, injuries percentages, helmet use. Subsequently, four accident scenarios...

This article proposes using the Arrhenius model for estimating viscosity of a mixture two liquids in quantitative assessment physicochemical properties lubricating oils context assessing level dilution oil with diesel oil. Dynamic are made mixtures and known concentrations 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100% m/m content mixture. Mixtures most popular (viscosity classes SAE 30 40) that meet requirements DMX marine distillate fuels category prepared tested. Viscosity measurements performed at 40, 60,...

The results of testing the ignition properties fuels in form blends diesel oil with pyrolysis produced from tires, used as an additive at concentrations 0, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20% m/m, are presented this paper. experiment included preparation distillation curves determination flash points, derived cetane number, calculated ratios. related to limits indicated selected standards regulations on requirements for marine- land-based compression engine fuels. obtained show suitability possibility its...

This article presents the results of a study on rheological and lubricating properties selected alcohol fuels. Methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol are investigated, for which density, kinematic, dynamic viscosity determined at temperatures in range 15–60 °C. In addition, water content studied fuels is determined. Based measurements, coefficient temperature change density relative percentage decrease kinematic with increasing calculated. Subsequently, regression models built to describe value...

This research presents the impact of diesel blends with tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) as an additive for minimizing wear and tear engine components. study investigates normative TPO content ranging from 5% m/m to 20% m/m. Reference measurements are made pure (D100) TPO. investigation included evaluation corrosion effect fuels tested on abrasive wear. For each fuel, sulfur content, water lubricity (which is defined corrected average diameter trace during high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR)...

The aim of the article is to present impact blending diesel fuel with tire pyrolysis (TPO) oil on changes in fuel’s rheological properties and evaluate these context meeting legal requirements for various types fuels. This research presents normative D100 TPO as an admixture blends. Measurements are made content blend equal 5, 7, 10, 15, 20% m/m. In addition, reference measurements pure pyrolytic oil. Kinematic viscosity density, dynamic viscosity, index, pour point, cloud cold filter...

This article presents the verification of hypothesis on using certain approximation curves in evaluation used lubricating oil. These are plotted for fresh oil to approximate parameters diluted with diesel To confirm hypothesis, an experiment is conducted determine flash point, initial boiling density at 15 °C, kinematic viscosity 40 °C and 100 index. The analysis covers SAE 30 grade Marinol CB-30 RG1230 taken from circulating lubrication system a supercharged, trunk-piston, 4-stroke ZUT...

This paper proposes a simple analytical method for determining the viscosity index (VI) that effectively aligns with results obtained from applicable standards. simply needs kinematic of tested oil at 40 and 100 °C as input parameters does not need to use tables are an integral part mentioned work presents evaluates accuracy auxiliary in form values two hypothetical oils. These oils have equal under testing VI = 0 100. The relative fitting error percentage coefficient determination found...

This article provides a brief introduction to the indicators of volatility and flammability lubricating oils fuels. It is proposed that initial boiling point be used as an indicator contamination oil with distillate fuel (i.e., diesel biofuel oil) in context rapid detection explosion risks crankcase. Detailed tests were carried out on samples (SAE 30 SAE 40 grades, which are most commonly lubrication systems marine trunk engines) diluted at selected mass concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20,...

The rheological, ignition, and tribological properties of lubricating oils diluted with biodiesel were analyzed. flash point tFP, calculated cetane index CCI, density ρ, coefficient the temperature change ε, kinematic viscosity ν, dynamic η, VI, lubricity during a High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFFR) test (x, y, WSD, WS1.4) conditions an HFFR (oil film resistance FILM friction μ) determined. was performed for oil mixtures SAE 30 40 grades, which blend (D93B7—diesel 7% v/v fatty acid...

This article presents the effects of a severe failure three four-stroke auxiliary engines in container ship's power plant. The included jammed cylinder valves, fuel equipment damage, fire one and an explosion its turbocharger. An analysis as factor that constitutes source common cause each engine is made. Laboratory performed. Auxiliary indicators describing properties are determined, including calculated carbon aromaticity index (CCAI) ignition (CII). properties, determination equivalent...

This article presents an assessment of the accuracy and repeatability oil dilution measuring apparatus. The device uses surface acoustic wave sensing (SAW), measurement method meets ASTM D8004 standard. Since described in standard definitions are not easy to compare with ISO standards, a comparative experiment was settled. Mixtures SAE 30 40 grades lubricating diesel high-precision concentration 0, 1, 2, 5, 10 % m/m were tested. calculated root mean square error (RMSE) results against...

Experience shows that dilution of lubricating oil with diesel is unfavorable to the engine, causing issues including deterioration engine performance, shortening life, and reduction in reliability safety. This paper presents verification hypothesis changes lubricity, friction coefficient, decreasing film thickness (using a relative approach, given as percentage) are similar for mixtures prepared from fresh used oil. To validate this hypothesis, an experiment conducted using high-frequency...

Abstract The article presents a method for evaluating the efficiency of port container terminals. research was conducted nine European terminals which use different handling technologies. have been divided due to level automation transport processes. In DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) is applied, that previously used in studies relative productivity industry. This allows you multicriteria process analysis based on properly selected production system model processing input parameters output....

This paper presents a possible application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in multi-criteria analysis components importance to system reliability structure illustrated by stern tube sealing installed on deep sea ships. We used AHP determine relevance ranks and made an for criteria reliability, safety repair costs. compared our results with measures analysed presented literature before. also some conclusions using Complex Technical Systems (CTS). finished suggestions further research...

This article presents research results on mechanically generated oil mists. The was carried out for mixtures the Agip/Eni Cladium 120 SAE 40 API CF industrial and marine engines diluted with diesel Orlen Efecta Diesel Bio at concentrations of 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 50% m/m. Pure lubricating pure were also tested. Droplet size distributions determined reference moment which residual discrepancies R between measurement data sprayed calculation model obtained lowest value. For mists, light...