Temnothorax is a large myrmicine ant genus with range spanning the northern hemisphere, including half of Neotropics. Many Neotropical species were originally placed in now defunct Macromischa . Recent molecular work has revealed that distinct lineages have arrived by evolutionary convergenceat morphological syndrome characteristics used to diagnose former One such lineage salvini clade, which this study redefined contain 63 species, 35 are described as new. A key all clade based on worker...

Bothriomyrmex enigmaticus sp. nov. is described from the island of Hispañola based on one nest collection. This first collection genus (Emery, 1869) Caribbean region, and second species to be Americas. While sharing several characters with B. paradoxus (Dubovikoff & Longino, 2004) Costa Rica Honduras, diverges in key characters, including palp formula. However, a morphometric comparison Palearctic tribe Bothriomyrmecini suggests affinities paradoxus, Chronoxenus wroughtoni (Forel, 1895)...

Temnothorax (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) is a diverse genus of ants found in broad spectrum ecosystems across the northern hemisphere. These diminutive have long served as models for social insect behavior, leading to discoveries about learning and inspiring hypotheses process speciation evolution parasitism. This highly morphologically behaviorally diverse, this has caused great deal taxonomic confusion recent years. Past efforts estimate phylogeny been limited scope, leaving broader...

In this study, we revise two groups of cryptic leaf litter ants, the Strumigenys nitens and simulans species groups. These are restricted to Greater Antilles Bahamas. We redefine groups, provide a key for five in S. group, differentiate group. Four new described: caiman sp. nov., economoi hubbewatyorum zemi nov. review fauna Hispaniola, which comprises endemic zemi, six more broadly distributed Neotropical species, three pan-tropical “tramp” species.

Abstract Within the Formicidae, higher classification of nearly all subfamilies has been recently revised given findings molecular phylogenetics. Here, we integrate morphology and data to holistically address evolution, classification, identification ant genus Lasius , its tribe Lasiini, their subfamily Formicinae. We find that crown Lasiini originated around end Cretaceous on Eurasian continent is divisible into four morphologically distinct clades: Cladomyrma group, Prenolepis a previously...

Abstract Ants are a globally distributed and highly diverse group of eusocial animals, playing key ecological roles in most the world’s terrestrial ecosystems. Our understanding processes involved evolution this family is contingent upon our knowledge phylogeny ants. While relationships among subfamilies have come into resolution recently, several tribal within hyperdiverse subfamily Myrmicinae persistently conflict between or studies, mirroring controversial Leptanillinae Martialinae to...

ABSTRACT The members of the Temnothorax salvini (Forel) species group are rarely collected, arboreally nesting ants Central American forests. Previously thought to consist two broadly dispersed species, recent collections have revealed a diversity specimens that defy two‐species concept, but these difficult distinguish from each other based solely on morphology. I contrast several model‐based approaches delimitation target‐enriched genomic data. With molecular data thousands ultraconserved...

Abstract Emergence is a fundamental concept in biology and other disciplines, but whether emergent phenotypes evolve similarly to non-emergent unclear. The hypothesized process of evolution posits that evolutionary change collective behavior irreducible the intrinsic behaviors isolated individuals. As result, might more rapidly diversify between populations compared individual behavior. To test if evolves emergently, we conducted large comparative study using 22 ant species gathered over...

ABSTRACT Ants are a globally distributed and highly diverse group of eusocial animals, playing key ecological roles in most the world’s terrestrial ecosystems. Our understanding processes involved evolution this family is contingent upon our knowledge phylogeny ants. While relationships among subfamilies have come into resolution recently, several tribal within hyperdiverse subfamily Myrmicinae persistently conflict between or studies, mirroring controversial Leptanillinae Martialinae to...

Temnothorax (Myrmicinae, Crematogastrini) is one of the most diverse Holarctic ant genera, and new taxonomic advancements are still frequent worldwide. The Mediterranean region, a global biodiversity hotspot characterized by complex geographic history, home to substantial portion its described diversity. Sicily region’s largest island and, as ongoing investigations revealing, it inhabited long-overlooked but highly fauna that combines multiple biogeographic influences. We combined...

Parasitism is ubiquitous across the tree of life, and parasites comprise approximately half all animal species. Social insect colonies attract many pathogens, endo- ectoparasites, are exploited by social parasites, which usurp environment their hosts for survival reproduction. Exploitation pathogens versus may cause similar behavioural morphological modifications host. Ants possess two overlapping syndromes: parasite syndromes. We rediscovered populations putative Manica parasitica in Sierra...

Four new Afrotropical species of the ant genus Temnothorax are described and illustrated, all from Kenya. Based upon high resemblance to taxa known North African Iberian territories Mediterranean region, these tropical elements placed into Palaearctic complexes. Specifically, Temnothoraxbrevidentis sp. n., Temnothoraxmpala n. Temnothoraxrufus in laurae group, Temnothoraxsolidinodus is angustulus group. Two already Temnothoraxcenatus (Bolton, 1982) Temnothoraxmegalops (Hamann & Klemm, 1967),...

The Mediterranean, a global hotspot for rare ant species, hosts significant representation of the diversity mainly Holarctic genus Temnothorax . However, several groups still require taxonomic efforts. taxonomy T. luteus complex species was revised in 2014 when morphometrics allowed distinguishing two valid and synonyms out four taxa that had been originally described from France. recognized since then are , distributed Iberia to Alps, largely sympatric but much more xerothermophilic...

Abstract Morphometric research is being applied to a growing number and variety of organisms. Discoveries achieved via morphometric approaches are often considered highly transferable, in contrast the tacit idiosyncratic interpretation discrete character states. The reliability workflows insect systematics has never been subject focused research, but such studies sorely needed. In this paper, we assess reproducibility ants where mode data collection shared routine. We compared datasets...

Abstract Temnothorax unifasciatus (Latreille, 1798) is a widely distributed pan‐European species from the Iberian Peninsula to Caucasus. This taxon's relatively high morphological variability prompts taxonomists of earlier times and today mention morphologically different elements at specific or subspecific ranks. paper aims understand population structure genetic diversity within this lineage via integrative taxonomy, incorporating molecular phylogenetics, delimitation analyses multivariate...

Emergence is a fundamental concept in biology and other disciplines, but whether emergent phenotypes evolve similarly to nonemergent unclear. The hypothesized process of evolution posits that evolutionary change at least some collective behaviors will differ from the corresponding intrinsic isolated individuals. As result, behavior might more rapidly diversify between populations compared individual behavior. To test evolves emergently, we conducted large comparative study using 22 ant...

Temnothorax pakistanensis sp. n., a new ant species from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa the Himalayan range of Pakistan is described based on worker caste and queen. An identification key distribution map known Pakistani presented. Summaries taxonomic history biology three included.

Although the ant genus Temnothorax is broadly distributed, extremely diverse, and contains multitudes of undescribed species, discovering new species in eastern United States rare due to high concentration taxonomic effort on this region. Here, we recognize describe a that has consistently been misidentified museum collections as ambiguus, common inhabitant acorn shells leaf litter. Unlike T. caryaluteus sp. nov. nests primarily arboreal microhabitats, especially within dead branches live...

Morphometric research is being applied to a growing number and variety of organisms. Discoveries achieved via morphometric approaches are often considered highly transferable, in contrast the tacit idiosyncratic interpretation discrete character states. The reliability workflows insect systematics has never been subject focused research, but such studies sorely needed. In this paper, we assess reproducibility ants where mode data collection shared routine. We compared datasets generated by...

Abstract Within the Formicidae, higher classification of nearly all subfamilies has been recently revised due to findings molecular phylogenetics. Here, we integrate morphology and data holistically address evolution ant genus Lasius , its tribe Lasiini, their subfamily Formicinae. We accomplish this through a critical re-examination extant fossil taxa, phylogenetic analyses, total-evidence dating under fossilized birth-death process, phylogeography, ancestral state estimation. use these...