How has China's food safety administrative system changed since it was founded in 1949? can we periodize the process of this historical transformation terms regulators, regulatees, and regulatory tools? This review article offers an analytical framework that distinguishes three regimes history governance: old regime command control (1949–1977), intermediate mixed instruments (1978–1992), a new governance (1993–ongoing). In regimes' features, advantages, disadvantages, development tracks are...

Protecting children's development rights and promoting social equity are the priority core tasks of Chinese government international community. Currently, inequity early childhood education (ECE) in China is still severe. The disparities between urban rural areas main contributors to this situation, which manifested ECE opportunities, process, outcome. This research tries address issue evaluate policies has taken tackle inequity. With a policy analysis approach, analyzed official data,...

The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in China is, essentially, a public health emergency. Therefore, it becomes critical issue to make policies by using scientific knowledge highly uncertain and unpredictable context. key risk-based decision-making (RBDM) is how strike balance between science politics. After reviewing existing literature practice, three main approaches can be summarized: politics-based, science-led, integration negotiation On basis reports from current mass media, this...

Previous studies had shown that CXC chemokine ligand-12 (CXCL12) might play a significant role in stroke. The aim of this study was to test the serum baseline CXCL12 levels Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).All consecutive first-ever AIS from January 2013 June 2014 were recruited participate study. and National Institutes Health Stroke Scale measured at time admission. Logistic regression analysis used evaluate risk according levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)...

Abstract Do resources available to regulatory agencies matter for public perceptions of social risks? In this paper we use the case food safety in China empirically examine relationship between and risk concerns. The multilevel model estimates suggest that neither revenue nor personnel is significantly related concerns over safety. There also no significant interaction effect scandals. Despite fact sufficient fiscal manpower are prerequisites effective regulation, they do not elicit more...

Has the establishment of China Food and Drug Administration in 2013 substantial revision Safety Law 2015 addressed earlier implementation deficits China's food safety policy? Through a comprehensive literature review series in-depth interviews with local regulatory officials Beijing, this study observed improvements frontline system regarding its adherence to regulations, corruption prevention, citizen responsiveness. However, it also found that system's professional capacities were vastly...

This paper attempts to answer three questions about the contemporary Chinese drug safety regulation system: why did government reform its monitoring system and build a regulatory regime at end of 1990s? What obstacles will it face? unique characteristics does possess? Was collapse Interest Community Government, Enterprise Shiye Unit (ICGES) that fostered rise in China's field? Three major structural threaten building high-quality regime: problematic independence caused by decentralised...

How street-level organizations enforce regulations carries important governance implications. Through reviewing the regulatory enforcement literature and categorizing it into three broad modes, this article discusses individual organizational capacity prerequisites for to enact corresponding government–society relationship improve outcomes. analyzing challenges faced by officers in Beijing’s recent food safety reform, also identifies essential capacities regulate under a legal-hierarchical...

Background and Objective : Cerebral vasospasm is a serious complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) associated with clinical deterioration mortality. The objective this study to investigate the effect continuous intravertebral artery (cIVA) injection fasudil hydrochloride on delayed cerebral (CVS). Material Methods Forty white rabbits were alloted into groups: (i) seven-day (cIVA for seven days after blood) group, (ii) five-day five from third day (iii) intravenous treatment...

In his book, Demonic Warfare: Daoism, Territorial Networks, and the History of a Ming Novel, Mark Meulenbeld synthesizes knowledge Chinese religion, history, literature to explain why th...

This article is a detailed overview of the pattern church and state relations in present‐day China. Rooting analysis context international patterns relations, priorities Chinese government basic policy issues that have defined development present status between religious circles contemporary China are examined. Future trends relationship forecast.

Abstract By conducting a set of quantitative surveys, this study evaluates the perception Chinese students on terrorism. Three questions are tackled: (1) how they know about terrorism; (2) evaluate terrorist organizations and U.S., (3) view corresponding foreign policy.

After 9/11, the exact perception among young Chinese of terrorism and security is little known to world. What are their views how they formed? Are there any obvious differences in between different parts China? causes this disparity, if any? these intentionally created by party-state top-down, or only nurtured a bottom-up, decentralized manner? Using primary research findings obtained from original quantitative surveys qualitative analyses, article attempts offer an empirical answer...

This paper attempts to answer three questions about the contemporary Chinese drug safety regulation system: why did government reform its monitoring system and build a regulatory regime at end of 1990s? What obstacles will it face? unique characteristics does possess? Was collapse Interest Community Government, Enterprise Shiye Unit (ICGES) that fostered rise in China's field? Three major structural threaten building high-quality regime: problematic independence caused by decentralised...

Abstract Cooperation has been the main trend of Sino-U.S. relations; however, misunderstanding and ignorance regarding role religion have a negative impact.Both sides carry underlying societal political assumptions based on their historical foundations, cultural norms, experience with religion, differing levels involvement outside borders. Dialogue that includes government non-government will engender understanding enable practical progress. China should reconsider nature gradually separate...