Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an abundant and essential metabolite that cells consume regenerate in large amounts to support growth. Although numerous studies have inferred the intracellular concentration of ATP bacterial cultures, what happens individual under stable growth conditions less clear. Here, we use QUEEN-2m biosensor quantify dynamics single Escherichia coli relation their rate, metabolism, cell cycle, lineage. We find are more complex than expected from population associated...

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs predominantly in men. By enhancing the transcriptional activity of androgen receptor (AR) gene a ligand-dependent manner, HBV X protein (HBx) might contribute to this disparity between sexes. To dissect mechanisms underlying HBx-enhanced AR transactivation, we investigated effect HBx on two critical steps regulation ligand-stimulated activities. One step is dimerization (through interaction its N-termini and...

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are indel mutational hotspots in genomes. In prokaryotes, SSR loci can cause phase variation, a microbial survival strategy that relies on stochastic, reversible on–off switching of gene activity. By analyzing multiple strains 42 fully sequenced prokaryotic species, we measure the relative variability and density distribution SSRs coding regions. We demonstrate repeat type strongly influences mutation rates, most mutable types avoided across thoroughly...

Innexins are one of two gene families that have evolved to permit neighbouring cells in multicellular systems communicate directly. found prechordates and persist small numbers chordates as divergent sequences termed pannexins. Connexins functionally analogous proteins exclusive chordates. Members these may form intercellular channels, assemblies which constitute gap junctions. Each channel is a composite hemichannels, from each apposed cells. Hemichannels dock the extracellular space...

Defining the cellular factors that drive growth rate and proteome composition is essential for understanding manipulating systems. In bacteria, ribosome concentration known to be a constraining factor of cell rate, while gene usually assumed not limiting. Here, using single-molecule tracking, quantitative single-cell microscopy, modeling, we show genome dilution in Escherichia coli cells arrested DNA replication limits total RNA polymerase activity within physiological sizes across tested...

Cationic antimicrobial peptides are a large family of host defense molecules with diverse sequences and structures. Here, we present computational experimental pipeline for quantifying the membrane-permeabilizing effects, as well intracellular impacts on ribosome DNA organization, cationic in growing Escherichia coli cells at high temporal subcellular resolution. Applying this to 11 natural synthetic peptidomimetics uncovered shared antibacterial activities, but different kinetics that...

We determined the effects of a green tea extract with 36% alcohol on blood content, oxidative stress, lipogenesis, inflammation and liver function female Wistar rats. Tea significantly decreased O₂⁻, H₂O₂ HOCl amounts via catechins not caffeine. Thirty days gavage improved level reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver, bile blood, increased 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts, Kupffer cell infiltration lipid accumulation elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase level. A western blot analysis...

Depletion of β-catenin impairs regeneration the rapid turn-over gut epithelial cells, but appears dispensable for that slow mature hepatocytes in mice until 1 y age. As life span murine is about 400 d, we studied conditional knockout ( Alb-Cre ; Ctnnb1 flx/flx ) 20 mo age to determine function postnatal liver. was absent from 4 wk after delivery. From 9 age, were gradually replaced by newly formed β-catenin-positive hepatocytes, which constituted 90% at 18–20 This process accompanied active...

Acute myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium. Although a fulminant course difficult to predict, it may lead acute heart failure and death. Previous studies have demonstrated that reduced left ventricular systolic function prolonged QRS duration can predict myocarditis. This study aimed identify whether QTc interval could also be predictive in this population.We retrospectively included 40 patients diagnosed with who were admitted our hospital between 2002 2013. They divided...

Purpose Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a disease process resulting from proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in the vitreous and periretinal area, leading to membrane formation traction eventually postoperative failure after vitreo-retinal surgery for primary rhegmatogenous detachment (RRD). The present study was designed test therapeutic potential p21 CIP/WAF1 (p21) inducing saRNA PVR. Methods A chemically modified (RAG1-40-53) tested cultured human RPE...

Background:Hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows a higher incidence in men, mainly because of hepatitis X (HBx)–mediated enhancement androgen receptor (AR) activity. We aimed to examine this pathway hepatocarcinogenesis and identify drug(s) specifically blocking carcinogenic event the liver.

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistently infected about 250 million people worldwide, and a curative treatment remains an unmet medical need. Among many approaches to treat chronic hepatitis (CHB), therapeutic vaccines have been developed for two decades, but none yielded promising results in clinical trials. Therefore, dissection of HBV clearance mechanisms during vaccination appropriate models, which could give rise new therapies, is urgently needed. Growing evidence...

Significance Natural systems (e.g., cells and ecosystems) generally consist of reaction networks metabolic or food webs) with nonlinear flux functions Michaelis–Menten kinetics density-dependent selection). Despite their complex nonlinearities, these often exhibit simple exponential growth in the long term. How emerges from remains elusive. Our work demonstrates mathematically how two principles, multivariate scalability ergodicity rescaled system, guarantee a well-defined rate. By...

Amiodarone, a common and effective antiarrhythmic drug, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects such as reducing the activation movement of neutrophils. However, its on human T cells remain unclear. The aim this study was elucidate possible underlying mechanisms amiodarone cells. We isolated primary from peripheral blood healthy volunteers performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, luciferase Western blotting...

Abstract In proliferating bacteria, growth rate is often assumed to be similar between daughter cells. However, most of our knowledge cell derives from studies on symmetrically dividing bacteria. many α-proteobacteria, asymmetric division a normal part the life cycle, with each producing cells different sizes and fates. Here, we demonstrate that functionally distinct swarmer stalked produced by model α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus have average rates despite sharing an identical...

Defining the cellular factors that drive growth rate and proteome composition is essential for understanding manipulating systems. In bacteria, ribosome concentration known to be a constraining factor of cell rate, while gene usually assumed not limiting. Here, using single-molecule tracking, quantitative single-cell microscopy, modeling, we show genome dilution in Escherichia coli cells arrested DNA replication results decrease active RNA polymerases ribosomes. The resulting sub-linear...

In proliferating bacteria, growth rate is often assumed to be similar between daughter cells. However, most of our knowledge cell derives from studies on symmetrically dividing bacteria. many α-proteobacteria, asymmetric division a normal part the life cycle, with each producing cells different sizes and fates. Here, we demonstrate that functionally distinct swarmer stalked produced by model α-proteobacterium

Defining the cellular factors that drive growth rate and proteome composition is essential for understanding manipulating systems. In bacteria, ribosome concentration known to be a constraining factor of cell rate, while gene usually assumed not limiting. Here, using single-molecule tracking, quantitative single-cell microscopy, modeling, we show genome dilution in Escherichia coli cells arrested DNA replication limits total RNA polymerase activity within physiological sizes across tested...

e16620 Background: Loss-of-function of tumor suppressor genes are the dominant driving force in tumorigenesis. Restoration function and/or expression these holds tremendous therapeutic potential cancer treatment. Bladder is 9 th leading cause cancer-related deaths United States which ~75% all newly diagnosed cases non-muscle invasive bladder (NMIBC). Standard-of-care includes intravesical installation Bacillus Calmette-Guerin following resection with an expected failure rate ~50% within 6...