Abstract Dengue virus (DV) infection is a major problem in public health. It can cause fatal diseases such as hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional APCs required for establishing primary immune response. Here, we investigated the role of human PBMC-derived DC DV infection. Using different techniques, including plaque assay, flow cytometry analysis, nested RT-PCR, confocal microscope electron examinations, show that enter cultured produce particles. After...

Monocytes are a population of leukocytes that terminally differentiate into macrophages and DCs. Whereas these differentiated progeny have inflammatory resident--which more immunomodulatory--phenotypes, less has been reported on the plasticity monocytes themselves. We found MSCs, somatic stem cells, can rapidly induce human murine through secretion HGF to acquire an immunomodulatory phenotype suppress T cell effector function. MSCs multilineage postnatal progenitor cells with strong effects...

Abstract The immunopathogenesis mechanism of dengue virus (DV) infection remains elusive. We previously showed that the target DV in humans is dendritic cells (DCs), primary sentinels immune system. also observed despite significant amount IFN-α induced; particles remain massively produced from infected DCs. It suggests may antagonize antiviral effect IFN-α. Recent work animal studies demonstrated differential critical roles cytokines, namely IFN-α/IFN-β and IFN-γ, blocking early viral...

Abstract Introduction Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in joints contributes to the pathogenesis cartilage damage osteoarthritis (OA). We aim explore potential chondroprotective effects resveratrol on AGEs-stimulated porcine chondrocytes and explants. Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from pig joints. Activation IκB kinase (IKK)-IκBα-nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) c-Jun N-terminal (JNK)/extracellular signal-regulated (ERK)-activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathways was...

Mitochondria regulate the immune response after dengue virus (DENV) infection. Microarray analysis of genes identified upregulation mitochondrial cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) by DENV We used small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown (KD) and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) approaches, to investigate role CMPK2 in mouse human cells. The results showed that was critical DENV-induced antiviral cytokine release oxidative stress DNA cytosol. activation Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9,...

The goal of this study is to develop a tissue-specific toxic gene therapy utilizing the prostate specific antigen (PSA) promoter for both androgen-dependent (AD) and androgen-independent (AI) PSA-secreting cancer cells. Ideally would be effective without necessity exposing target cells circulating androgens.An AI subline LNCaP, an AD human cell line, C4-2, was used in study. Castrated mice bearing C4-2 tumors secrete PSA. A transient expression experiment analyze activity two PSA promoters,...

Objectives. The major risk factor for OA is ageing; however, the mechanisms remain largely unclear. We investigated effects and of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that accumulate in aged joints chondrocytes. Methods. Porcine chondrocytes or cartilage fragments were prepared. Gene expression MMPs a disintegrin metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) was assessed by real-time RT–PCR. Gelatin zymography used to determine MMP-13 enzyme activity. Histochemistry immunoblotting...

Interferons (IFNs) are critical cytokines that regulate immune response against virus infections. Dengue (DV) infections a major public health concern worldwide, and especially in Asia. In the present study, we investigated effects mechanisms of action IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3) human lung epithelial cells. The results demonstrated DV infection induced expression several IFITs, including IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, IFIT5 A549 Induction IFIT3 by was also observed...

AimsThe formation of foam cells is crucial in the initiation and progression atherosclerosis. One critical steps cell uptake low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by macrophages via scavenger receptors (SRs). This study examined role protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms on formation.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the deposition of immune complexes (ICs) in various organs, especially kidney, leading to nephritis, one major and therapeutically challenging manifestations SLE. Among cytokines induced SLE, type I interferons (IFN-Is) play crucial roles mediating immunopathogenesis, anti-IFN-I treatment has been approved for SLE treatment. The uptake ICs macrophages results macrophage activation, which initiates, triggers,...

High uric acid levels are a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders and gout; however, the role of physiological concentrations soluble (sUA) is poorly understood. This study aimed to clarify effects sUA in joint inflammation. Both cell cultures primary porcine chondrocytes mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were examined. We showed that inhibited TNF-α- interleukin (IL)-1β-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression....

Abstract A marked increase in the rate of dengue virus (DENV) infection has resulted more than 212 deaths Taiwan since beginning 2015, mostly from fatal outcomes such as hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. The pathogenic mechanisms these manifestations are poorly understood. Cytokines induce an overwhelming immune reaction thus have crucial roles. Interferon-lambda (IFN-λ), a newly identified IFN subtype, antiviral effects, but its immunologic effects DENV not been investigated. In present...

Abstract Background Premature atherosclerosis occurs in patients with SLE; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Both mitochondrial machinery and proinflammatory cytokine interferon alpha (IFN-α) potentially contribute to atherogenic processes SLE. Here, we explore roles of protein cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) IFN-α-mediated pro-atherogenic events. Methods Foam cell measurements were performed by oil red O staining, Dil-oxLDL uptake BODIPY approach. The mRNA levels...

Plant alkaloid tetrandrine (Tet), purified from Chinese herb Han-Fang Chi, is a potent immunomodulator used to treat rheumatic disorders, silicosis and hypertension in mainland China. We previously demonstrated that Tet effectively suppresses cytokine production proliferation of CD28-costimulated T cells. In the present study, we investigated possible involvement nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) transcription factors, critical CD28 costimulation, Tet-mediated immunosuppression human...

Abstract Galectin‐9 (Gal‐9) exerts immunosuppressive effects by inducing apoptosis in T cells that produce interferon‐γ and interleukin ( IL )‐17. However, Gal‐9 can be pro‐inflammatory lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated monocytes. Using microarray analysis, we observed was up‐regulated human dendritic DC s) after dengue virus DV ) infection. The investigation into the immunomodulatory mechanisms of s exposed to revealed infection specifically increased mRNA protein levels but not those Gal‐1 or...

T cells secrete several inflammatory cytokines that play a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Although green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects animals, few studies have identified mechanism underlying these human primary cells. This study investigated pathway involved EGCG modulation cytokine secretion activated We pre-treated with (0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20 μM) for 4 h incubated them or without phorbol 12-myristate...