Abstract Dengue virus (DV) infection is a major problem in public health. It can cause fatal diseases such as hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional APCs required for establishing primary immune response. Here, we investigated the role of human PBMC-derived DC DV infection. Using different techniques, including plaque assay, flow cytometry analysis, nested RT-PCR, confocal microscope electron examinations, show that enter cultured produce particles. After...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and capsular serotypes K1 K2 Klebsiella pneumoniae have been identified as risk factors for liver abscess complicated endophthalmitis.The objective of this study was to determine whether poor glycemic control contributes the development serotype or K. abscess.Neutrophil phagocytosis in patients with type 2 DM nondiabetic controls compared isolates from abscess. Phagocytic rates 18 K1/K2 nine non-K1/K2 strains were evaluated by flow cytometry electron microscopy....

Tetherin/BST2 was identified in 2008 as the cellular factor responsible for restricting HIV-1 replication at a very late stage lifecycle. Tetherin acts to retain virion particles on plasma membrane after budding has been completed. Infected cells that express large amounts of tetherin display strings HIV virions remain attached membrane. Vpu is an accessory protein specifically counteracts restriction virus release contributed by tetherin. unusual Type II transmembrane contains GPI anchor...

HIV-1 particles assemble and bud from the plasma membrane of infected T lymphocytes. Infected macrophages, in contrast, accumulate within an apparent intracellular compartment known as virus-containing or VCC. Many aspects formation function VCC remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that does not actually require infection macrophage, but can be reproduced through exogenous addition non-infectious virus-like infectious virions to macrophage cultures. Particles were captured by Siglec-1, a...

ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) encodes specific trafficking signals within its long cytoplasmic tail (CT) that regulate incorporation into HIV-1 particles. Rab11-family interacting protein 1C (FIP1C) and Rab14 are host factors required for Env particle incorporation, suggesting undergoes sorting from the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC) to site of assembly on plasma membrane. We disrupted outward ERC by expressing a C-terminal...

Formation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles takes place at the plasma membrane cells and is directed by Pr55Gag polyprotein. A functional assembly domain (the M domain) within N-terminal portion mediates interaction Gag with cellular membranes. However, determinants that provide specificity for on membrane, as opposed to intracellular membranes, have not been identified. Recently, it was reported interacts lipid raft microdomains membrane. We sought identify domains...

Tetherin/BST-2 forms a proteinaceous tether that restricts the release of number enveloped viruses following viral budding. Tetherin is an unusual membrane glycoprotein with two anchors and extended coiled-coil ectodomain. The ectodomain itself imperfect coil may undergo conformational shifts to accommodate dynamics during budding process. required for restriction, but precisely how it contributes restriction particle remains under investigation. In this study, mutagenesis was used further...

Monomeric HIV envelope vaccines fail to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies or protect against infection. Neutralizing bind native functionally active Env trimers on the virion surface. Gag-Env pseudovirions recapitulate trimer and could serve as an effective epitope presentation platform for study of antibody response in HIV-infected individuals. To address if can structures, we carefully characterized these particles, concentrating antigenic structure coreceptor binding site. By blue...

The 2013-2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa led to accelerated efforts develop vaccines against these highly virulent viruses. A live, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine has been deployed settings and appears effective. Vaccines based on replication-deficient adenovirus vectors either alone or combination with a multivalent modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) also appear promising are progressing clinical evaluation. However, the ability of current live vector-based approaches...

Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease (RC‐RNase) is a pyrimidine guanine sequence‐specific found only in R. (bullfrog) oocytes, not other organs. An immunohistochemical assay showed that RC‐RNase was present the regular yolk granules, but forming platelets, pigment mitochondria clouds or nucleus. The restricted to lateral amorphous area of and absent from central has vitellogenin crystal lattice. extracted granules by 0.5 M NaCl purified dialysis affinity chromatography. Most (94%) rest (6%) cytosol...

Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease (RC‐RNase) possesses tumor‐specific cytotoxicity, which can be synergized by IFN‐γ. However, it is unclear how RC‐RNase and RC‐RNase/IFN‐γ induce cell death. In this study, we use substrate cleavage assays to systematically investigate RC‐RNase‐ RC‐RNase/IFN‐γ‐induced caspase activation in HL‐60, MCF‐7, SK‐Hep‐1 cells. We find that mitochondria‐mediated HL‐60 MCF‐7 cells but not cells, although death of closely related mitochondrial disruptions. Our findings...

Tetherin/BST-2 is an important host restriction factor that limits the replication of HIV and other enveloped viruses. Tetherin a type II membrane glycoprotein with very unusual domain structure allows it to engage budding virions retain them on plasma infected cells. Following initial report identifying tetherin as cell targeted by HIV-1 Vpu gene, knowledge molecular, structural, cellular biology has rapidly advanced. This paper summarizes discovery impact field, focus recent advances in...

Conjunctival swabs were used in combination with polymerase chain reactions (PCR) or virus culture to aid confirm the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis AIDS patients. Based on ophthalmoscopic findings, 13 patients diagnosed as having CMV and treated systemic ganciclovir from January 1997 December 1998. Nine found be positive for DNA by using a conjunctival swab PCR (CS-PCR). was also isolated 2 retinitis. Following 1 month treatment, except patient who had disease progression...

The binding and internalization of growth hormone (GH), B-cell factor-1linterleukin-4 (BSF-1/IL-4), Thy-1.2, in the mouse splenic lymphocytes have been described using an electron microscopic immunocytochemical technique. T-cell lines culture are used for specific BSF-1/IL-4 Thy-1.2 respectively. A myeloma cell line, X63/Ag 8.653, showed negative bindings both Thy-1.2. GH is found on surface cytoplasm most lymphocytes, but not internalized by cells. recognized a monoclonal rat...

Background: The circulating recombinant form (CRF) 07_BC is the most prevalent HIV-1 strain among injection drug users in Taiwan. It contains a 7 amino-acid deletion (7d) its p6gag. objectives of this study were to conduct cohort compare viral load and CD4 cell count changes between patients infected with subtype B CRF07_BC elucidate mechanism. Methods: Twenty-one 59 selected from 667 HIV-1/AIDS whom have been followed up for more than 3 years. Generalized estimated equation was used...