Occupational heat stress increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and disease. This study tested hypothesis that attenuating magnitude hyperthermia (i.e., increase in core temperature) and/or dehydration during prolonged physical work attenuates AKI biomarkers. Thirteen healthy adults (3 women, 23 ± 2 yr) exercised for h a 39.7 0.6°C, 32 3% relative-humidity environmental chamber. In four trials, subjects received water to remain euhydrated ( Water), continuous upper-body cooling...

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that consuming a soft drink (i.e., high-fructose, caffeinated beverage) during and following exercise in heat elevates biomarkers acute kidney injury (AKI) humans. Twelve healthy adults drank 2 liters an assigned beverage 4 h [35.1 (0.1)°C, 61 (5)% relative humidity] counterbalanced water trials, ≥1 liter same after leaving laboratory. Stage 1 AKI increased serum creatinine ≥0.30 mg/dl) detected at postexercise 75% participants Soft Drink...

Abstract We have been investigating thermoresponsive hydrogel nanoparticle composite networks to develop photopolymerized hydrogels deliver drugs for prevention of restenosis after angioplasty. These systems can form a gel under physiological conditions and release in response temperature changes. Our novel system, consisting poly( N‐ isopropylacrylamide) nanoparticles, photo cross‐linker poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, UV photoinitiator, 2‐hydroxy‐1‐[4‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)...

Single rat neurointermediate lobes were impaled on a stimulating electrode and continuously perifused with oxygenated medium. The secretion of oxytocin vasopressin into the medium was measured by specific radio‐immunoassays. temporal profile release during 20 min period 13 Hz stimulation compared that oxytocin. results indicate although rate both declines over min, extent time course this fatigue is different for two hormones. This difference could not be accounted differences in diffusion...

Blood samples were taken from conscious, chronically-catheterized rats during parturition for measurement of oxytocin by specific radioimmunoassay. After the birth 3rd pup, allowed to remain in their nesting cage (undisturbed rats) or transferred 45 min a glass bowl (disturbed rats); at time transfer, given an i.v. injection opioid antagonist naloxone saline vehicle. Subsequent was prolonged saline-treated disturbed rats, but not naloxone-treated rats. Parturition significantly hastened...

The rat neurohypophysis contains both opioid receptors and substantial amounts of endogenous peptides. Inhibitory influences opioids on the secretion oxytocin vasopressin have been described. We examined effects a range agonists antagonists with differing relative selectivities towards receptor subclasses from isolated neurohypophysis. Oxytocin release evoked by brief periods electrical stimulation in control experiments was compared to presence test compounds. depressed approximately 25%...

Abstract Prior research in individual therapy has provided evidence that therapists are poor predictors of client outcome and often misjudge clients' perceptions the therapeutic relationship. The focus current was to conduct a similar predictive study group setting. Group were recruited from university counseling center state psychiatric hospital; 64 members 10 leaders participated study. We tested therapist accuracy predicting perceived quality Results suggested underestimate number clients...

Although research supports selecting steeper routes to minimize metabolic rate (Ṁ) in mountain racers, the "steeper is cheaper" strategy has yet be confirmed for slower, more typical graded walking speeds under cold stress. Confirm whether true individuals exposed incremental Fourteen healthy, military-age adults (age, 24 ± 6 years; height, 1.72 0.08 m; body mass, 72 16 kg) completed four 20-min treadmill walks three ambient temperatures (20, 10, and 0 °C) light clothing (i.e., shorts,...

Occupational heat stress poses a major threat to worker health and safety that is projected worsen with global climate warming. To manage these adverse effects, most industries rely on administrative controls (stay times work-to-rest allocations) are designed limit the rise in body core temperature 'average' individual. However, due extensive inter- intra-individual variation thermoregulatory function, will result some individuals having their work rate productivity unnecessarily restricted...

We tested the hypothesis that mean skin wettedness contributes to thermal behavior a greater extent than core and temperatures. In 27.0 ± 1.0°C environment, 16 young participants (8 females) cycled for 30 min at 281 51 W·m 2 , followed by 120 of seated recovery. Mean temperatures were recorded continuously. Participants maintained thermally comfortable neck temperature throughout protocol using custom-made device. Neck device provided an index behavior. Linear regression was performed...

We tested the hypothesis that elevations in biomarkers of acute kidney injury are influenced by magnitude hyperthermia and dehydration elicited two common firefighter work durations.Twenty-nine healthy adults (10 females) wearing protective clothing completed randomized trials where they walked at 4.8 km·h, 5% grade a 38°C, 50% RH environment. In short trial, subjects 20-min exercise bouts. long trial (LONG), three Each bout was separated 10 min standing rest an ~20°C Venous blood samples...

Comparative thermal tests have been carried out using, aluminum heat sinks made with extruded fin, cross-cut rectangular pins, and elliptical shaped pins in low air flow environments. The pin sink was designed to minimize the pressure loss across by reducing vortex effects enhance performance maintaining large exposed surface area available for transfer. of compared those straight crosscut fin sinks, all an ASIC chip. results were also obtained using Sauna, a commercially modeling program...

Plasma samples were obtained before and during parturition from conscious rats implanted chronically with a jugular cannula. Rats either allowed to remain in their nesting cage throughout parturition, or moved immediately following the birth of second third pup into an empty glass chamber. The time-course was prolonged for mother which mid-parturition this unfamiliar environment. However, given i.v. injection opioid antagonist naloxone at time transfer, followed normal time-course, plasma...

This study tested the hypothesis that females rely on thermal behavior to a greater extent during and after exercise, relative males.In 24°C ± 1°C; (45% 10% RH) environment, 10 males (M) (F) (22 2 yr) cycled for 60 min (metabolic heat production: M, 117 18 W·m; F, 129 21 W·m), followed by 60-min recovery. Mean skin core temperatures, blood flow local sweat rates were measured continually. Subjects controlled temperature of their dorsal neck perceived comfort using custom-made device. Neck...

We first tested the hypothesis that consuming a high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened soft drink augments kidney vasoconstriction to sympathetic stimulation compared with water (study 1). In second study, we examined mechanisms underlying these observations 2). study 1, 13 healthy adults completed cold pressor test, sympathoexcitatory maneuver, before (preconsumption) and 30 min after drinking 500 mL of decarbonated HFCS-sweetened or (postconsumption). 2, venous blood samples were...

This study found that prolonged mild hypohydration in healthy young adults increased the Food and Drug Administration approved acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarker urinary insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 [IGFBP7·TIMP-2]. Urine osmolality specific gravity demonstrated an excellent ability to discriminate positive AKI risk. These findings emphasize importance hydration protecting renal health lend early support for assessment as accessible tool assess

Insufficient hydration is prevalent among free living adults. This study investigated whether hypohydration alters