We demonstrate a neuromorphic core with 64k-cell phase change memory (PCM) synaptic array (256 axons by 256 dendrites) in-situ learning capability. configurable on-chip neuron circuits perform leaky integrate and fire (LIF) weight update based on spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP). 2T-1R PCM unit cell design separates LIF STDP paths, minimizing circuit size. The implementation of algorithm along structure enables both to operate asynchronously simultaneously within the array, avoiding...

Islet duodenal homeobox 1 (IDX-1/PF-1/STF-1/PDX-1), a homeodomain protein that transactivates the insulin promoter, has been shown by targeted gene ablation to be required for pancreatic development. After 90% pancreatectomy (Px), adult pancreas regenerates in process recapitulating embryonic development, starting with burst of proliferation epithelium common duct. In this model, IDX-1 mRNA was detected semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction total RNA from isolated...

Members of the C/EBP family basic-leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factors form heterodimers and bind to CAAT box other sequence-related enhancer motifs. Using a 32P-labeled protein probe consisting bZip domain beta, we isolated clone encoding C/EBP-related ATF (C/ATF), that heterodimerizes with C/EBP-like proteins but belongs CREB/ATF family. C/ATF homodimers do not typical DNA sites. Instead they palindromic cAMP response elements such as somatostatin gene. In addition, C/ATF-C/EBP beta...

Prospective clinical study.The purpose of this investigation was to quantify normal cervical range motion (ROM) and compare these results those used perform 15 simulated activities daily living (ADLs) in asymptomatic subjects.Previous studies looking at ROM during ADLs have been limited measuring devices that do not record continuous motion. The with subjects.A noninvasive electrogoniometer torsiometer were measure the spine. accuracy reliability confirmed by comparing values acquired from...

Ankle fractures are common and can be associated with severe morbidity. Risk factors for short-term adverse events readmission after open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of ankle have not been fully characterized.The purpose our study was to determine patient rates risk (1) any event; (2) events; (3) infectious complications; (4) ORIF fractures.Patients who underwent fracture from 2005 2012 were identified in the American College Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program...

Reduction of GLUT2 is associated with loss glucoseinduced insulin secretion in genetic and chemical diabetes transplanted islets exposed to chronic hyperglycemia. To examine the mechanisms for this normal hyperglycemia, we performed studies on Sprague Dawley rats 4 weeks after a 90% partial pancreatectomy (Px), well-characterized model immunofluorescence β-cell Px was greatly reduced. Western blot analysis homogenates isolated also showed reduction protein; densitometry measurements were 36...

Liver X receptors (LXRs) play key roles in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis by limiting accumulation macrophages within arterial wall lesion sites a mechanism that includes upregulation ATP binding cassette transporters. These atheroprotective properties distinguish LXRs as potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention cardiovascular disease. Their associated activity promoting lipogenesis and triglyceride accretion through activation sterol-response element protein 1c...

The menopausal transition is associated with decreased ovarian function and concomitant decline in estrogen production, which may result physiological effects such as hot flashes, reduced bone mass, altered lipid profile. It well established that these unfavorable changes are effectively offset therapy (ET) or, women a uterus, estrogens combination progestin (hormone therapy). Selective receptor (ER) modulators (SERMs), exhibit both ER agonist antagonist activities depending on the target...

Prospective clinical study.The purpose of this investigation was to quantify normal lumbar range motion (ROM) and compare these results with those used perform 15 simulated activities daily living (ADLs) in asymptomatic subjects.Previous studies reporting the ROM spine during ADLs have been limited, only focusing on 4 ADLs. The extent determine how much is necessary ADLs.A noninvasive electrogoniometer torsiometer were measure spine. accuracy reliability devices confirmed by comparing values...

Background: For more than thirty-five years, the sliding hip screw, an extramedullary implant, has been standard treatment for stabilization of intertrochanteric fractures. Over last decade, intramedullary implants have replaced as most commonly used type implant in United States this condition, without strong evidence superior outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study with use American College Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database....

Abstract We have performed a high‐capacity, semiquantitative, reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction screen for expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transforming β (TGFβ) family genes as well their cognate receptors. By using cDNA prepared from embryonic day 12 to postnatal 0 mouse pancreas, we identified several factors potentially involved in the development endocrine pancreas. find high‐level early TGFβ‐1 ‐2, constitutive TGFβ‐3 Of Inhibin/Activin members, found...

Studies described here utilize high-density oligonucleotide arrays to characterize changes in global mRNA expression patterns during proliferation, cell cycle withdrawal, and terminal differentiation mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Statistical analyses revealed 629 sequences differentially regulated between proliferating differentiating These genes were clustered using self-organizing maps identify sets of coregulated assigned functional categories that analyzed for distribution across clusters....

Expression of the homeodomain transcription factor IDX-1 (also known as IPF-1, STF-1, and PDX-1) is required for pancreas development, because disruption gene in mice humans results pancreatic agenesis. During embryonic development idx-1 first expressed a localized region foregut endoderm from which duodenum later develop. To more fully understand role transgenic expressing Escherichia coli lacZ under control 5′-proximal 4.6 kb promoter were created reporter developmental expression IDX-1....

There is rapidly growing interest in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) of the foot and ankle. Technological advances, specifically with advent low-speed high-torque burrs, have enabled expansion MIS techniques. Accordingly, there literature reporting excellent outcomes to address many different pathologies techniques are particularly useful for conducting percutaneous osteotomies bony débridement. These can be used bunion deformity, hammertoes, metatarsalgia, bunionette bone spurs, hindfoot...

OBJECTIVE The number of women graduating from United States medical schools has reached parity with that men. However, persistent inequalities and barriers have slowed the pace toward equity in application representation neurosurgery residency despite initiatives to increase female representation. objective present study was assess advancement gender within programs. Additionally, aimed analyze pipeline dynamics by investigating effects attrition on neurosurgery, as well exploring patterns...

Background: Achilles tendon rupture treatment has changed substantially in the past decade, with an evolution toward less-invasive techniques and more convenient patient positioning. This review aims to report on 1-year clinical outcomes of a medially based, mini-open, supine, repair technique. Methods: In this retrospective review, all patients who underwent surgical management were included analyzed based approach, including (1) standard open prone technique, (2) mini-open repair, prone,...

Current literature on surgical techniques has evaluated minimally invasive surgery (MIS) cheilectomy and its efficacy in comparison to the open technique. However, no study date MIS-Moberg relation MIS cheilectomy. This assessed radiological outcomes early healing complications of patients who underwent open, MIS, cheilectomies. We conducted a retrospective cohort review 134 first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) at an academic medical center between 2015 2024. Success was determined...

The proglucagon gene is expressed in a highly restricted tissue-specific manner the α cells of pancreatic islet, hypothalamus, and small large intestines. Proglucagon processed to glucagon glucagon-like peptides GLP-1 -2. Glucagon regulates glucose homeostasis. implicated control insulin secretion, food intake, satiety signaling, GLP-2 regulating small-bowel growth. Cell-specific expression mediated by proteins that interact with proximal G1 promoter element which contains several AT-rich...

Single Ca2+-activated K+ channels from rat skeletal muscle plasma membranes were studied in neutral phospholipid bilayers. Channels chemically modified by briefly exposing the external side to carboxyl group modifying reagent trimethyloxonium (TMO). TMO modification, a "multi-hit" fashion, reduces single-channel conductance without affecting ion selectivity. Modification also shifts voltage activation curve toward more depolarized voltages and affinity of channel blocker charybdotoxin (CTX)....