A5073412064- Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Heat transfer and supercritical fluids
- SAS software applications and methods
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
- Petroleum Processing and Analysis
- Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
- Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
- Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Lubricants and Their Additives
- Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Catalysts for Methane Reforming
- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
2015-2024
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
2019
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2019
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
2019
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
2008-2011
National Technical Information Service
2008
In-Q-Tel
2008
Colorado School of Mines
1998-2003
Eastern Regional Research Center
2001
Biodiesel is an oxygenated diesel fuel made from vegetable oils and animal fats by conversion of the triglyceride to esters via transesterification. In this study we examined biodiesels produced a variety real-world feedstocks as well pure (technical grade) fatty acid methyl ethyl for emissions performance in heavy-duty truck engine. The objective was understand impact biodiesel chemical structure, specifically chain length number double bonds, on NOx particulate matter (PM). A group seven...
A previously developed bench-scale method for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) from soybean soapstock (Haas, M. J.; Bloomer, S.; Scott, K. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2000, 77, 373−379) was taken to small pilot scale, producing approximately 2.5 L material per run. By multiple successive reactions, 25 product accumulated. The composition ester (wt %) palmitic: 16.2, stearic: 4.7, oleic: linoleic: 54.4, and linolenic: 6.9. This mirrors soy is quite similar that commercial...
Three hydrotreated bio-oils with different oxygen contents (8.2, 4.9, and 0.4 w/w) were distilled to produce light, naphtha, jet, diesel, gas oil boiling range fractions that characterized for oxygen-containing species by a variety of analytical methods. The originally generated from lignocellulosic biomass in an entrained-flow fast pyrolysis reactor. Analyses included elemental composition, carbon type distribution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, acid number, chromatography/mass...
The objective of this work was to measure knock resistance metrics for ethanol-hydrocarbon blends with a primary focus on development methods the heat vaporization (HOV).Blends ethanol at 10 50 volume percent were prepared three gasoline blendstocks and natural gasoline.Performance properties composition measured, including research octane number (RON), motor (MON), net heating value, density, distillation curve, vapor pressure.RON increases upon blending but diminishing returns above about...
Lignocellulosic biomass offers a renewable carbon source which can be anaerobically digested to produce short-chain carboxylic acids. Here, we assess fuel properties of oxygenates accessible from catalytic upgrading these acids priori for their potential serve as diesel bioblendstocks. Ethers derived C2 and C4 are identified advantaged candidates with significantly improved ignition quality (>56% cetane number increase) reduced sooting (>86% yield index reduction) when compared commercial...
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Mixing controlled compression ignition, i.e., diesel engines are efficient and likely to continue be the primary means for movement of goods many years. Low-net-carbon biofuels have potential significantly reduce carbon footprint combustion could advantageous properties combustion, such as high cetane number reduced engine-out particle NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. We developed a list over 400 biomass-derived...
High emissions of particulate matter from diesel engines presents a serious risk to human health and the environment. The addition oxygenated molecules fuels has been shown reduce soot formation during combustion. Polyoxymethylene ethers (POMEs) are novel class that can be produced biomass have potential used as soot-reducing fuel blendstocks. However, only few variations these studied thus far, those characterized present significant disadvantages could compromise current liquid systems...
Increasing interest in biofuels-specifically, biodiesel as a pathway to energy diversity and security-has necessitated the need for research on performance utilization of these fuels fuel blends current future vehicle fleets.One critical area is related achieving full understanding impact advanced emission control systems.In addition, use can degrade diesel engine oil drain interval requirements.There limited information dilution.This paper assesses dilution impacts an operating conjunction...
To investigate precipitates above the cloud point (CP) in biodiesel, three saturated monoglycerides (SMGs), monomyristin, monopalmitin, and monostearin, were spiked into distilled soy animal fat-derived B100. It was shown that a threshold or eutectic concentration SMGs significantly raise CP of A comparison to published data suggests commercial B100 has SMG content same range as point. have an even greater impact on final melting temperature (FMT, measured when sample is heated) at...
The effect of saturated monoglyceride (SMG) content four B100s on the cloud point (CP) blends with diesel fuels was examined. Detecting CP a more sensitive light-scattering method allowed observation an early (higher temperature) in containing approximately 0.01 wt.% to 0.03 SMG. Blend samples SMG this range may be particularly prone unexpected filter clogging above measured CP. Results for 140 blend sample matrix revealed that had larger than other properties. An increase biodiesel...
Regulated emissions from 21 in-use heavy-duty diesel vehicles were measured on a chassis dynamometer via three driving cycles using low-sulfur fuel. Emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbon (THC), and PM sulfate fraction measured. For hot start tests, ranged 0.30 to 7.43 g/mi (mean 1.96) for PM; 4.15−54.0 23.3) NOx; 2.09−86.2 19.5) CO; 0.25−8.25 1.70) THC. When are converted g/gal basis, the effect cycle is eliminated NOx largely...
In this work, the influences of ethanol and iso-butanol blended with gasoline on engine-out post three-way catalyst (TWC) particle size distribution number concentration were studied using a General Motors (GM) 2.0L turbocharged spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine.The engine was operated production control unit (ECU) dynamometer controlling speed accelerator pedal position load.A TSI Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) spectrometer used to measure in range from 5.6 560 nm sampling...
Emissions of six 32 passenger transit buses were characterized using one the West Virginia University (WVU) Transportable Heavy Duty Testing Laboratories, and fixed base chassis dynamometer at Colorado Institute for Fuels High Altitude Engine Research (CIFHAER). Three powered with 1997 ISB 5.9 liter Cummins diesel engines, three natural gas (NG) counterpart. The NG engines LEV certified. Objectives to contrast emissions performance units, compare results from two laboratories. Both...
Idle emissions of total hydrocarbon (THC), CO, NOx, and particulate matter (PM) were measured from 24 heavy-duty diesel-fueled (12 trucks 12 buses) 4 compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled vehicles. The volatile organic fraction (VOF) PM aldehyde also for many the diesel Experiments conducted at 1609 m above sea level using a full exhaust flow dilution tunnel method identical to that used engine Federal Test Procedure (FTP) testing. Diesel averaged 0.170 g/min THC, 1.183 1.416 0.030 PM. buses...
This project looks at the potential of blending ethanol with natural gasoline to produce Flex-Fuels (ASTM D5798-13a) and high-octane, mid-level blends. Eight samples were collected from pipeline companies or producers around United States. Analysis shows that are 80–95% paraffinic, 5–15% naphthenic, 3% less aromatics, balance olefins. The paraffins typically pentane isopentanes. benzene content ranged approximately 0.1 1.2 wt % such blends E30 more would meet States Environmental Protection...