Existing cellular network analyses, and even simulations, typically use the standard path loss model where received power decays like ||x|| <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-α</sup> over a distance ||x}}. This is quite idealized, in most scenarios exponent α itself function of ||x||, an increasing one. Enforcing single can lead to orders magnitude differences average interference powers versus true values. In this paper, we study...

Load balancing by proactively offloading users onto small and otherwise lightly-loaded cells is critical for tapping the potential of dense heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs). Offloading has mostly been studied downlink, where it generally assumed that a user offloaded to cell will communicate with on uplink as well. The impact coupled downlink-uplink not well understood. Uplink power control spatial interference correlation further complicate mathematical analysis compared downlink. We...

Inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) and intra-cell diversity (ICD) play important roles in improving cellular downlink coverage. By modeling base stations (BSs) as a homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP), this paper provides explicit finite-integral expressions for the coverage probability with ICIC ICD, taking into account temporal/spectral correlation of signal interference. In addition, we show that, high-reliability regime, where user outage goes to zero, ICD affect network...

This paper provides a unified framework to study the performance of successive interference cancellation (SIC) in wireless networks with arbitrary fading distribution and powerlaw path loss. An analytical characterization SIC is given as function different system parameters. The results suggest that marginal benefit enabling receiver successively decode k users diminishes very fast k, especially high dimensions small loss exponent. On other hand, highly beneficial when are clustered around...

This paper considers a millimeter wave (mmWave) system that enables multi-Gbps wireless service for high speed trains. MmWave systems require proper beam alignment to achieve good performance making it difficult apply trains due the need frequent realignment. In this paper, using IEEE 802.11ad parameters, we first show channel coherence time will not be enough communication with wide beams, and thus conventional approaches based on sweeping become inefficient if impossible. Then consider...

This paper studies power control strategies in interference-limited wireless networks with Poisson distributed nodes. We concentrate on two sets of strategies: single-node optimal (SNOPC) and Nash equilibrium (NEPC) strategies. SNOPC maximize the expected throughput power-controllable link given that all other transmitters do not use control. Under NEPC strategies, no individual node network can achieve a higher by unilaterally deviating from these show under mean peak constraints at each...

Federated Learning as a distributed machine learning paradigm enables collaborative modeling among multiple participants while preserving data privacy. However, challenges such model convergence difficulties and low communication efficiency caused by client-side heterogeneity remain critical bottlenecks hindering its practical applications. This paper constructs three-dimensional analytical framework encompassing "client-local optimization, server aggregation strategies, global guarantees"...

The delay till success (DTS) is the mean number of transmissions needed, averaged over fading, until a single packet successfully received (decoded) wireless link. This paper shows that under and peak power constraint, random control can significantly reduce DTS. We derive optimal policies minimize DTS at one link given length. For most commonly used fading distributions, these are on-off policies, whose parameters depend on statistics distance. present two applications this result in...

Consider orthogonal planes in the 3-D space representing floors and walls a large building. These divide into rooms, where wireless infrastructure is deployed. This paper focused on analysis of correlated shadowing field created by this through set floors. When locations nodes are governed Poisson processes, we obtain simple stochastic model which captures non-uniform nature node deployment room sizes. model, propose to call building, complex in-building correlations, scalable number...

This paper presents experimental and analytical investigations carried out on RC beam–column joints incorporating engineered cementitious composite (ECC) material in the joint region. Six interior exterior with different reinforcing detailing cores were designed tested. Representative column axial loading quasi-static lateral cyclic loadings applied. Hysteresis behavior, crack patterns, shear stress, energy dissipation capacity, strain profiles of reinforcements examined. Results...

The anti-collision device has the effect of protecting both ship and bridge. Two forms corrugated-core infilling foam sandwich composite structure were developed to study their impact characteristics. influence structural geometric parameters on peak force, failure modes, energy absorption analyzed via low-speed tests. results show that was almost absorbed by all specimens under velocity 4 m/s. Compared with dislocation corrugated core specimen (DC), force parallel (PC) got a maximum 26.54%...

The structural parameters identification without the prior known time history of external force is still a challenging problem for nonlinear structures. In this study, new system method proposed to evaluate information excitation history. Excitation decomposition algorithm utilized identification. decomposed by orthogonal approximation. With approximation, inverse transformed into parameter An improved Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) identify and coefficients only based on acceleration...

Beam-column joints are regions of high inelastic stress concentration in reinforced concrete (RC) frames. Evidence the vulnerability to damage during earthquakes is witnessed panel zone failures. Corrosion reinforcement will cause deterioration joint behavior under seismic actions, especially for structures coastal areas. In study described this paper, performance corroded RC interior as well exterior beam-column subjected simulated loads were investigated by employing a two-dimensional (2D)...

A Manhattan Poisson line process divides the plane into an infinite number of rectangular rooms with walls extending infinitely along axes. When path loss is dominated by penetration through each walls, a field transmitters creates heavy tailed interference at randomly picked room, whose distribution tractable in Laplace domain. Interference correlation different explicitly available. This model gives first mathematical abstraction to indoor physical environments where wireless signals are...

Using a multi-tier Poisson model, this paper studies the performance gain of successive interference cancellation (SIC) in downlink K-tier heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs). For each tier, fraction base stations (BSs) is non-accessible. By using framework based on marked path loss process with fading and calculating equivalent access probability, we analytically characterize coverage i.e., probability successfully connecting to at least one accessible BS, for typical user equipment...

This study presented an experimental and analytical investigation on the seismic behavior of a reinforced concrete (RC) interior joint with corroded reinforcements. A total eight RC joints similar reinforcing detailing were tested subjected to lateral cyclic loading. The variables studied in this research corrosion level reinforcements terms mass loss column axial force ratio. performance all including crack pattern, loading capacity, energy dissipation, displacement decomposition examined....

Abstract Ship–bridge collision is a common type of accident in bridge engineering which could cause heavy casualties and economic losses. To ensure the safety both ships bridges during collision, novel steel box-soft body combination was proposed this work. The time history curves impact force three downscaled facility specimens were obtained through horizontal test. influence box web spacing existence anti-collision facilities on ship reduction rate investigated. failure modes bow...