In the case of internal gear pumps, eccentricity outer rotor, which resembles a circular lobe, must be limited to certain value in order avoid formation cusps and loops; furthermore, tip width inner has hypocycloid curve an epicycloid curve, should not allowed exceed limit value. this study, we suggest that rotor controlled by inserting circular-arc between curves. We also designed using closed-form equation for correction coefficient. Thus, it is possible design gerotor there no upper on...

Abstract We demonstrate a simple yet high performance phase grating with switchable diffraction angles using fringe field switching (FFS) liquid crystal (LC) cell. The LC rubbing angle is parallel to the FFS electrodes (i.e. α = 0°), leading symmetric director distribution in voltage-on state. Such exhibits three unique features: 1) Two periods can be formed by controlling applied voltage, resulting angles. In our design, 1 st order occurs at 4.3°, while 2 nd appears 8.6°. 2) required...

Abstract We report a simple method for reducing the response time of fringe-field switching liquid crystal cell by using two-dimensional confinement crystals. Through both numerical calculations and experiments, we show that speed can be increased several fold in simply rubbing angle zero, which causes virtual walls to built when an electric field is applied between interdigitated electrodes common electrode, without requiring additional fabrication steps or complicated drive schemes....

Recently, a low frequency driving of fringe-field switching-liquid crystal display (FFS-LCD) draws much attention to minimize the power consumption. In FFS-LCD, an image flickering effect occurs when sign electric field is reversed. We suggested method eliminate by doping small amount bent-core liquid (BLC) molecules. The BLC molecules have opposite flexoelectric polarization and reduce host crystal. By adding 2.0 wt% BLC, total transmittance during positive negative could be balanced was...

We report an electrically-switchable two-dimensional liquid crystal (LC) phase grating device for window display applications. The consists of the top and bottom substrates with crossed interdigitated electrodes vertically-aligned LCs sandwiched between two substrates. device, switchable transparent translucent states by applying electric field, can provide high haze strong diffraction effect thanks to a large spatial difference little dependence on azimuth angle. found that has outstanding...

Automotive displays provide driving or traffic information and mutual communication with the external environment. With expansion of technology, there are multiple demands for functions, such as providing simple in addition to entertainment movies games. However, technology implementation this regard is limited due challenges ensuring safety conformance legal regulations. Therefore, technologies that capable convenience occupants while by preventing driver distractions required. This paper...

We propose an interdigitated pixel electrode structure with alternating tilts for fast fringe-field switching of liquid crystals (LCs). In contrast to LC cell, where the electrodes are parallel alignment direction, this device does not require a non-zero pretilt angle, owing obliquely applied electric field; thus, it can retain much wider viewing angle by aligning LCs without pretilt. addition short response time and wide proposed allows larger deviation which is essential mass production....

We present the method for five-step (pad-pad short-pad open-short-open) on-chip parasitic de-embedding. Its validation is verified by gate electrode resistance and input capacitance of transistors based on 45 -nm CMOS process. Optimized dummy structures to remove components due pad routing metal are proposed. Parameters extracted proposed have excellent physical theoretical trends.

When an electric field is applied to in-plane switching (IPS) and fringe-field (FFS) cells with zero rubbing angle, virtual walls are built such that the speed can be increased several-fold. In this study, we investigate dependence on interdigitated electrode structure of electro-optical characteristics IPS FFS angle. We found when angle zero, single-layered provides a higher transmittance than double-layered because reduced width dead zones at domain boundaries between electrodes....

We investigated the two-dimensional (2-D) confinement effect of liquid crystals (LCs) on switching vertically aligned LCs by an in-plane electric field. When field is applied to a vertical alignment (VA) cell, virtual walls are built at center interdigitated electrodes and middle gaps between them. The LC molecules confined not only two substrates but also so that turn-off time VA cell driven dependent pitch as well gap. Therefore, can be reduced simply decreasing result enhanced anchoring...

We propose a method for fast grey-to-grey (GTG) switching of homogeneously aligned liquid crystal (LC) cell. Homogeneously LCs are instantly vertically by applying vertical electric field short time before to target grey level. Once the aligned, we apply an in-plane voltage higher than data that corresponds level, while maintaining field. Then, at is removed, required experimentally demonstrated GTG LC cell, which 11 times faster fringe-field

We demonstrated fast in-plane switching (IPS) of negative liquid crystals by using crossed patterned electrodes. Switching to the bright state can be achieved applying an field bottom electrodes, whereas dark obtained top obtained, experimentally, turn-off that was four times faster than conventional IPS mode.

In this paper, we present a diffractive liquid crystal (LC) device capable of rapid switching between the transparent and translucent states for window display applications. contrast to previously reported LC light shutters based on scattering, proposed relies diffraction white incident by an electric field-induced periodic continuous profile. It can be switched without complicated driving scheme or polymer structure. This exhibits outstanding features applications, such as high transparency...

Abstract Using a single substrate, we demonstrate simple two-dimensional (2-D) phase grating cell with an octothorp electrode. Owing to the large spatial difference in any direction, proposed has high haze value opaque state (76.7%); Moreover, it advantages of one-dimensional (1-D) cell, such as fabricability, fast response time, and low operating voltage. Furthermore, faster time than 2-D (comparable 1-D cell). All electro-optic parameters have been calculated using commercial modeling...

We propose a drive scheme using three-terminal electrode structure for submillisecond switching of nematic liquid crystals (LCs). A vertical bias electric field is continuously applied to the LCs, whereas an in-plane controls bright state. Applying proposed homogeneously aligned LC cell yields response time 0.7 ms at room temperature and 4.9 -20°C.

Bistable operation of a phase grating device using smectic-A liquid crystals (SmA-LCs) is presented. The SmA-LC cell can be operated with very low power because it consumes only while the state being switched. This uses simple dielectric switching mechanism, and free from degradation by impurity ions. For an cell, we formed interdigitated electrodes on both top bottom to apply in-plane vertical electric fields. We control diffracted light intensity easily change in magnitude or duration...

We report control of the haze value in a liquid crystal (LC) cell driven by fringe electric field. When field is applied to vertically aligned (VA) cell, large spatial phase difference with short grating period induced LC layer. The average VA quarter pitch interdigitated electrodes, which half an in-plane Moreover, sharper profile built around edges led high 84.3% translucent state. device was haze-free transparent state owing use layer without polymer structure. To increase while retaining...

In this paper, we report on the low-temperature, high-transmittance operation of a nematic liquid crystal (LC) cell. We investigated electro-optic characteristics homogeneously-aligned LC cell over wide temperature range. By applying high vertical and in-plane trigger pulse voltages between frames to an cell, response time at -20 °C was decreased by 12.5 times compared that conventional fringe-field switching (FFS) addition providing fast response, exhibited same transmittance as FFS

Low-frequency driving of a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel to minimise power consumption has drawn much attention recently. In case an LCD is driven by low-frequency fringe field, image flickering phenomenon detected the naked human eye when sign applied electric field reversed. We investigated effect electrode spacing on induced flexoelectric in fringe-field-switching (FFS) cell. found that flicker FFS cell under can be eliminated simple manner changing spacing.

A vertically aligned dichroic dye (VA-Dye) film, whose absorption axis is perpendicular to that of its substrates, was laminated on a display panel in which the top polarizer set 0°. In vertical viewing angle panel, axes and are at right angles each other, and, so, light emitted from can be blocked. horizontal parallel other so transmitted. Based these polarization optics, we achieved complete elimination upward or downward direction while left We also added designed optical compensation...

Various types of electrode structures were investigated to obtain the threshold voltage difference that allows for elimination off-axis gamma shift in a multi-domain vertical-alignment liquid crystal cell. The can be obtained simply by changing width electrodes or distance between two-terminal It also applying different bias three-terminal (3T) advantages and disadvantages three cell compared. By optimizing structure 3T with top grounded, 2.9 V was experimentally obtained.

We report cell gap effects on the electro-optic characteristics of a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (LC) cell. found that transmittance LC can be increased by increasing with little increase in response time. To better understand effect time cell, we employed simple method to evaluate and predict extracting average distance between two neighboring bundles through experiment. The experimental results related matche well calculated results. experimentally obtained turn-off switching was...

Scalable model of substrate resistance components for radio-frequency MOSFETs fabricated by 65-nm CMOS technology with the bar-type body contact set in a horizontal direction to gate poly is presented. We consider various layout dimensions, such as channel length; unit finger width; number fingers; distance between and active region; on modeling. By using our model, output admittance well matched up 50 GHz. The proposed models are more accurate devices geometries than previous models.