A5022647636- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Arsenic contamination and mitigation
- Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Water resources management and optimization
- Urban and Rural Development Challenges
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
- Advanced oxidation water treatment
- Hydropower, Displacement, Environmental Impact
- Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Water Governance and Infrastructure
- Fecal contamination and water quality
- Environmental and Social Impact Assessments
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Remote-Sensing Image Classification
- Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies
- Legal Issues in South Africa
- Fluoride Effects and Removal
- Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Migraine and Headache Studies
- Vestibular and auditory disorders
Retina Institute
2020-2024
Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive
2024
New York Proton Center
2021
University of San Francisco
2021
University of California, Berkeley
2013-2017
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers
2013
Inserm
2008
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier
2007-2008
Mixed-valent iron nanoparticles (NP) generated electrochemically by Fe(0) electrocoagulation (EC) show promise for on-demand industrial and drinking water treatment in engineered systems. This work applies multiple characterization techniques (in situ Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, cryo-TEM) to investigate the formation persistence of magnetite green rust (GR) NP phases produced via EC process. Current density background electrolyte composition were examined a controlled anaerobic system...
Globally, 200 million people drink groundwater contaminated with fluoride concentrations exceeding the World Health Organization's recommended level (WHO-MCL = 1.5 mg F-/L). This study investigates use of minimally processed (dried/milled) bauxite ore as an inexpensive adsorbent for remediating fluoride-contaminated in resource-constrained areas. Adsorption experiments synthetic using bauxites from Guinea, Ghana, U.S., and India single-use batch dispersive media demonstrated that doses...
Worldwide, 892 million people practice open defecation, most of whom live in rural areas South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is the widely deployed approach to generate demand for, use sanitation facilities. CLTS relies on behavioral change community self-enforcement end defecation. Since its genesis Bangladesh 1999, has spread approximately 60 countries, mostly Africa, employed by majority development organizations operating sanitation. This paper uses a...
Water quality testing is critical for guiding water safety management and ensuring public health. In many settings, however, suppliers surveillance agencies do not meet regulatory requirements frequencies. This study examines the conditions that promote successful monitoring in Africa, with goal of providing evidence strengthening regulated programs.We compared programs among 26 across six African countries. These institutions submitted monthly results over 18 months. We also collected...
Technologies addressing both arsenic and microbial contamination of Bengal groundwater are needed. Fe electrocoagulation (Fe-EC), a simple process relying on the dissolution an Fe(0) anode to produce Fe(III) precipitates, has been shown efficiently remove from at low cost. We investigated Escherichia coli (E. coli) attenuation by Fe-EC in synthetic as function dosage rate, total dosed, pH, presence natural organic matter (NOM). A 2.5 mM simultaneously achieved over 4-log E. removal 450 below...
Most residents of the developing world do not have access to safely managed sanitation services, and large financial investments are required address this need. Here we evaluate surcharges on water/sewerage tariffs as an option for supporting these in low-income neighborhoods. We investigated willingness-to-pay (WTP) a pro-poor surcharge among customers two urban water utilities Kenya. Applying qualitative quantitative methods, conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews, focus-group...
Microbial water quality monitoring is crucial for managing resources and protecting public health. However, institutional testing activities in sub-Saharan Africa are currently limited. Because the economics of poorly understood, extent to which cost may be a barrier different settings unclear. This study used data from 18 African institutions (piped suppliers health surveillance agencies six countries) estimates supply type coverage 15 countries assess annual financial requirements...
This study investigated the effectiveness of Water Safety Plans (WSP) implemented in 99 water supply systems across 12 countries Asia-Pacific region. An impact assessment methodology including 36 indicators was developed based on a conceptual framework proposed by Center for Disease Control (CDC) and before/after data were collected between November 2014 June 2016. WSPs associated with infrastructure improvements at vast majority (82) participating sites to increased financial support 37...
Improving sanitation conditions in low-income communities is a major challenge for rapidly growing cities of the developing world. The expenses and logistical difficulties extending sewerage infrastructure have focused increasing attention on requirements safe cost-effective fecal sludge management services. These services, which are primarily provided by private sector, include collection treatment waste from latrine pits septic tanks. To determine degree to market forces can promote...
Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a popular intervention for eliminating open defecation in rural communities. Previous research has explored the contextual and programmatic factors that influence CLTS performance. Less known about community-level conditions sustain latrine coverage use. We hypothesized three categories of community underlying sustainability: (i) engagement leaders, (ii) follow-up intensity, (iii) support to poor households. evaluated these among communities Cambodia...
Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is a widely used approach to reduce open defecation in rural areas of low-income countries. Following CLTS programs, communities are designated as free (ODF) when household-level toilet coverage reaches the threshold specified by national guidelines (e.g., 80% Ghana). However, because conditions rarely monitored after declared ODF, ability generate lasting reductions poorly understood. In this study, we examined extent which levels ownership and use were...
Despite improvements in safe water and sanitation services low-income countries, a substantial proportion of the population Africa still does not have access to these essential services. Up-to-date fine-scale maps settlements are urgently needed by authorities improve service provision. We aim develop cost-effective solution generate vulnerable populations using multi-source public information. The problem is challenging as ground-truth available at only limited number cities, patterns...
Global sustainable development goals call for universal access to safely managed sanitation by 2030. Here, we demonstrate methods estimate the financial requirements meeting this commitment in urban settings of low-income countries. Our considered two requirements: (i) subsidies needed bridge gap between willingness-to-pay households and actual market prices toilets emptying services (ii) amounts expand municipal waste management infrastructure unserved populations. We applied our five...
According to the World Health Organization/United Nations International Children's Fund Joint Monitoring Program, 494 million people practice open defecation globally. After achieving defecation-free (ODF) status through efforts such as Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), communities (particularly vulnerable households) may revert defecation, especially when toilet collapse is common and durable toilets are unaffordable. Accordingly, there increasing interest in pro-poor sanitation...
Abstract Most residents of Kisumu, Kenya, use latrines constructed over basic pits or attached to more durable concrete vaults and septic tanks. Only one-third fecal sludge generated in the city, however, is safely collected treated. Programs for improving management among poor households include development formal manual emptying organizations that are recognized by local authorities, employ safety procedures, transport a treatment site. In this study, we compared financial structures these...
Information about microbial water quality is critical for managing safety and protecting public health. In low-income countries, monitoring all drinking supplies impractical because financial resources capacity are insufficient. Data sets derived from satellite imagery, census, hydrological models provide an opportunity to examine relationships between a suite of environmental risk factors over large geographical scales. We investigated the groundwater fecal contamination different...
Improving the effectiveness of rural sanitation interventions is critical for meeting United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals and improving public health. Community-led total (CLTS) most widely used intervention globally; however, evidence shows that CLTS does not work equally well everywhere. Contextual factors outside control implementers may partially determine outcomes, although extent these influences poorly understood. In this study, we investigate to which 18 contextual from...
Shallow groundwater containing toxic concentrations of arsenic is the primary source drinking water for millions households in rural West Bengal, India. Often, this also contains unpleasant levels iron and non-negligible fecal contamination. Alternatives to shallow are increasingly available, including government-built deep tubewells, purchased from independent providers, municipal piped water, household filters. We conducted a survey 501 Murshidabad district 2014 explore what influenced use...
For several years, educational programmes have been highlighted because care success depends on patient's knowledge and asthma management. However, no tool is available to assess change in patient behaviour before after completing an programme.To validate a questionnaire measuring the of asthmatics participating programme gauge benefit such programme.The Asthma Behaviour Change (ABC) was generated from literature, surveys clinical situations. It organized eight dimensions assessing seven...
Unsafe sanitation is an increasing public health concern for rapidly expanding cities in low-income countries. Understanding household demand improved infrastructure critical planning effective investments. In this study, we compared the stated and revealed willingness to pay (WTP) high-quality, pour-flush latrines among households areas city of Nakuru, Kenya. We found that WTP was much lower than market prices: less 5% were willing full costs, which estimated between 87,100–82,900 Kenyan...
Access to safe drinking water is still very low among the poorest households in sub-Saharan Africa, and economic shocks can make access even more difficult for poor consumers. Water subsidies be a solution enhance services, but they are often ineffective as regularly fail reach poor. In this study, we developed new Machine Learning-based proxy means test (ML-based PMT) identify field-tested it comparison four other methods (the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) wealth index, Poverty...