Battery electrode particle fracture due to stress generation is a critical mechanism causing capacity fade, and thus reducing battery life. This paper develops nonlinear adaptive observer for lithium-ion state of charge (SOC), stress, solid phase diffusivity estimation using high-fidelity coupled single particle-mechanical model, where the submodel captures development during intercalation deintercalation. Simultaneous parameter based on mechanical model extremely challenging because given...

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This article presents a provably convergent battery estimation scheme based on single particle model with electrolyte (SPMe) dynamics, by proposing systematic methodology to estimate critical information such as electrode-level states, and cyclable lithium. Electrode-level state suffers from weak observability originating two standalone electrode which is then aggravated the addition of dynamics. lack can be alleviated exploiting lithium inventory conservation enabled Kalman decomposition,...

Accurate state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) estimation is critical to ensure a reliable battery-management system (BMS). This problem addressed here by resorting grey box battery model based on the so-called equivalent hydraulic (EHM). It allows taking into account in simple way difference between bulk concentration surface (CSC) at anode, which turns out be significant. The dynamic coupled with an output equation Butler-Volmer equation, state parameter of resulting nonlinear...

This manuscript presents an algorithm for individual Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cell state of charge (SOC) estimation when multiple cells are connected in parallel, using only terminal voltage and total current measurements. For packs consisting thousands cells, it is desirable to estimate SOCs by monitoring the order reduce sensing cost. Mathematically, series yield dynamics given ordinary differential equations under classical full sensing. In contrast, parallel evidently more...

A constrained feedback control strategy designed on the basis of a simplified electrochemical–thermal model is considered for fast and healthy charging lithium-ion battery cell. The constraints ensure avoidance side reactions operating modes that yield premature aging (healthier charging). They are enforced through reference governor approach, hence requiring low computational burden. systematic approach presented identification law design. method first validated detailed simulator based...

In this paper, first a simplified electrochemical model that includes internal faulty modes (capacity, power and rate capability fade) is developed for lithium-ion battery. It derived from the so-called equivalent hydraulic battery electrodes, but it also electrolyte dynamics as well thermal effects. Next exploited to design diagnosis system able detect isolate both faults sensor faults. This relies on dual unscented Kalman filter residual generation, tracking of parameters states model. The...

Lithium-ion battery electrode-level online state estimation using high-fidelity nonlinear electrochemical models remains a key challenge. This is particularly due to weak observability inherited from the complex model structure, even for reduced-order models. letter presents systematic and rigorous strategy analyze local of single particle (SPM) with both electrodes, which commonly known be locally unobservable current-voltage measurements. Estimating essential states, e.g., charge (SOC)...

This paper presents a control strategy to perform healthy fast charging of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cell. The law is based on two-step approach. First, the cell controlled using an aggressive pre-stabilization loop. Then, constraint satisfaction ensured by augmenting resulting system with explicit reference governor able handle (possibly nonlinear) constraints arising from physics battery. designed reduced model dynamics and then validated highly accurate simulator Comparisons existing...

Accurate state estimation of large-scale lithiumion battery packs is necessary for the advanced control batteries, which could potentially increase their lifetime through e.g. reconfiguration. To tackle this problem, an enhanced reduced-order electrochemical model used here. This allows considering a wider operating range and thermal coupling between cells, latter turning out to be significant. The resulting nonlinear exploited unscented Kalman filters (UKF). A sensor network composed one...

The internal states of Lithium-ion batteries, notably state charge (SOC), need to be carefully monitored during battery operation manage energy and safety. In this paper, we propose an interval observer for SOC estimation in electrically thermally coupled parallel connection cells. This is a particularly challenging problem because mathematically cells yield system differential-algebraic equations (DAE), which are more difficult handle than ordinary differential (e.g. series string cells)....

The internal states of lithium-ion batteries need to be carefully monitored during operation manage energy and safety. In this article, we propose a thermal-enhanced adaptive interval observer for state-of-charge (SOC) temperature estimation battery pack. For large pack with hundreds or thousands heterogeneous cells, each individual cell characteristic is different from others. Practically, applying algorithms on every would mathematically computationally intractable since packs are often...

In this paper, we propose a solution for the control of state-of-charge lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cell. The aim is to design scheme able charge in fast way and without violating safety constraints on different electrochemical parameters model (ECheM) battery. proposed based computationally efficient formulation reference governor (RG) which has been designed basis reduced equivalent-hydraulic (EHM) ECheM. Using appropriate suitable margins, satisfaction EHM ensures Simulation results...

Enabling fast charging for lithium ion batteries is critical to accelerating the green energy transition. As such, there has been significant interest in tailored fast-charging protocols computed from solutions of constrained optimal control problems. Here, we derive necessity conditions a protocol based upon monotone systems theory.

This paper presents a two-layer distributed model predictive control (MPC) algorithm developed for safe and fast charge of Li-ion batteries. The low-level MPC makes use an equivalent hydraulic (EHM) that captures the dynamics relevant internal electro-chemical states. controller calculates optimal charging current satisfies constraints associated with side reactions in anode cathode. high-level solves temperature feasibility problem using battery thermal by setting boundaries on square...

This article proposes and compares a new family of low-complexity control schemes for the fast charge lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells accounting degradation constraints. These are based on two-level architecture, where low-level linear quadratic regulator (LQR) ensures stability tracking applied reference, while an outer layer, explicit reference governor (ERG), enforces constraints satisfaction by manipulating lower level. The ERG is construction suitable Lyapunov level set contained...

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have become one of the most attractive alternatives over conventional Li-ion due to their high theoretical specific energy density (2500 Wh/kg for Li-S vs. $\sim$250 Li-ion). Accurate state estimation in is urgently needed safe and efficient operation. To best authors' knowledge, electrochemical model-based observers not been reported batteries, primarily complex dynamics that make observer design a challenging problem. In this work, we demonstrate scheme...

A state-space model for Li-ion battery packs with parallel-connected cells is introduced. The key feature of the an explicit solution to Kirchhoff's laws packs, which expresses branch currents directly in terms model's states, applied current, and cell resistances. This avoids need solve these equations numerically. To illustrate potential proposed pack-level control estimation, a method bound error state-estimator introduced modeling framework generalized class electrochemical models. It...