We investigated the performance of ambipolar field-effect transistors based on a series alternating low band gap polymers oligothiophene and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP). The contain units terthiophene [T3] thiophene-thienothiophene-thiophene [T2TT] DPP carrying branched alkyl chains 2-hexyldecyl [HD] or 2-octyldodecyl [OD]. structural variation allows us to do systematic study relationship between interchain stacking/ordering semiconducting their resulting device performance. On basis...

As an increasingly important structural-characterization technique, grazing-incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) has found wide applications for in situ and real-time studies of nanostructures nanocomposites at surfaces interfaces. A dedicated beamline been designed, constructed optimized 8-ID-E the Advanced Photon Source high-resolution coherent GIXS experiments. The effectiveness applicability techniques have demonstrated by a host experiments including reflectivity, static kinetic...

We demonstrate a counterintuitive approach for improving exchange-spring magnets. Contrary to the general belief that exchange–spring interface must be ideal and atomically coherent, we thermally process, by annealing or high-temperature deposition, epitaxial Sm–Co∕Fe thin-film bilayers induce interfacial mixing. Synchrotron x-ray scattering electron microscopy elemental mapping confirm formation of graded interface. The thermal processing enhances nucleation field energy product. hysteresis...

X-ray standing waves generated by the interference of scattered x rays from parallel surfaces a thin film, so-called waveguide effect, can be used to enhance or reduce scatterings certain depths film. Used in combination with grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering, this resonance effect provides depth sensitivity extract buried structures films polymer and polymer/nanoparticle nanocomposite, which are not readily accessible most surface techniques, such as scanning probe microscopy....

Abstract Among various deterministic rainfall‐runoff models, the tank model, which is a typical conceptual often preferred for its simple concepts. On other hand, it requires much time and effort to obtain better results owing need calibrate large number of parameters in model. Therefore, demand an automatic calibration method has been increasing. In this study, three optimization algorithms were tested calibration: one nonlinear programming algorithm (Powell's method) two meta‐heuristic...

We demonstrate the fabrication of solvent-resistant, mechanically robust, superhydrophobic nanofibrous mats by electrospinning poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in presence inorganic silane materials. The solvent resistance and mechanical strength were dramatically increased through crystallization as-spun PVDF fibers or incorporation a tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) sol into matrix. electrospun yielded water contact angle 156° that did not vary with TEOS content. robustness significantly...

We investigated the crystalline nanostructures and film morphologies of pentacene films deposited onto a polymer brush organic interlayer in high performance field-effect transistors (OFETs). Polymer brushes were grafted oxide substrates by spin-coating thermal annealing. Pentacene FETs fabricated on top showed excellent device performance, with mobility 0.82 cm2 V−1s−1 an on/off current ratio 107. These properties superior to those devices using typical surface modification techniques, such...

Temperature‐dependent (80–350 K) charge transport in polymer semiconductor thin films is studied parallel with situ X‐ray structural characterization at equivalent temperatures. The study conducted on a pair of isoindigo‐based polymers containing the same π‐conjugated backbone different side chains: one siloxane‐terminated chains (PII2T‐Si) and other branched alkyl‐terminated (PII2T‐Ref). chemical moiety chain results completely film morphology. PII2T‐Si show domains both edge‐on face‐on...

It is demonstrated here that an already ideal exchange–spring magnet can be further improved by intermixing the interface. This counter-intuitive to general expectation optimal behavior requires ideal, atomically coherent soft–hard Epitaxial Sm–Co/Fe thin-film bilayers are thermally processed, annealing or high-temperature deposition, induce interdiffusion. With increasing processing temperature, hysteresis loop becomes more single-phase-like, yet magnetization remains fully reversible. The...

We measured the size- and shape-dependent compressibility of TiO2 anatase nanoparticles using monochromatic synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction high-pressure diamond-anvil cell techniques. Compared to bulk sample, rice-shaped (3.8 × 5.0 nm) rod-shaped (3.5 21.0 exhibit reduced enhanced modulus, respectively, ranging between 204(8) 319(20) GPa. The Williamson−Hall plot analysis data from sample shows that pressure-dependent increase microscopic strain is isotropic, whereas Strokes−Wilson...

Abstract Objective Although extensive evidence indicates the hyperinsulinemia directly contributes to reproductive dysfunction in polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS ), influence of insulin resistance IR ) on assisted technology outcomes is poorly understood. In this study we aimed evaluate effects vitro maturation‐ fertilization–embryo transfer IVM ‐ IVF ET patients with . Design Prospective observational study. Patients Women n = 115) commencing Measurments 51) and non‐IR 64) women ready...

Resonant soft-x-ray scattering measurements have been performed to investigate interface electronic structures of (${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}/{\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$) superlattices. intensities at superlattice reflections show clear evidence degeneracy lifting in ${t}_{2g}$ states Ti ions. Polarization dependence indicates the energy ${d}_{xy}$ is lower by $\ensuremath{\sim}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$ than two other states. The splitting insensitive epitaxial strain. orbital reconstruction...

Abstract In spintronic devices consisting of ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic systems, the ferromagnet-induced magnetic moment in adjacent nonmagnetic material significantly influences spin transport properties. this study, such proximity effect a Pd/Co/Pd trilayer system is investigated by x-ray circular dichroism and resonant reflectivity, which enables characterizations with element depth resolution. We observe that total Pd moments induced at top Co/Pd interface are larger than bottom Pd/Co...

Liquid crystal nanoparticles have been utilized as an efficient tool for drug delivery with enhanced bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery. However, the high energy requirements cost of liquid preparation obstacles to their widespread use in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we prepared using a phase-inversion temperature method, which is uniquely low process. Particles above method were estimated be ~100 nm size exhibited lamellar structure orthorhombic lateral packing....

The theoretical formulation of x-ray resonant magnetic scattering from rough surfaces and interfaces is given for specular reflectivity. A general expression derived both structurally magnetically in the distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) as framework theory. For this purpose, we have defined a ``structural'' ``magnetic'' interface to represent actual interfaces. generalization well-known Nevot-Croce formula reflectivity obtained case single using self-consistent method. Finally,...

We report a novel application of an ultrathin-polymer-film-based, resonance-enhanced x-ray waveguide as real-time nanoprobe for elucidating dilute, yet disordered, gold nanoparticles embedded in the polymer matrix. This promises sensitivity enhancement several orders magnitude, hence revealing real time lateral nanoparticle distribution with subnanometer spatial resolution. observed that motion is strongly anisotropic, in-plane coalescence taking place more rapidly than out-of-plane...

X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy was used in conjunction with resonance-enhanced grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering to probe slow particle dynamics and kinetics gold/polystyrene nanocomposite thin films. Such enhanced coherent enables, for the first time, measurement of at wave vectors up $\ensuremath{\sim}1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{nm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (or a few nanometers spatially) disordered system, well regime where entanglement, confinement, interaction dominate...

A combined experimental and theoretical investigation has clarified the nanometre-scale vapour-phase epitaxial growth of ZnO nanostructures on different crystal planes GaN substrates. Under typical conditions, nanorods grow perpendicular to GaN(0001) plane, but thin flat films form GaN(101), (100) (110). High-resolution X-ray diffraction data transmission electron microscopy confirm heteroepitaxial relationship between These results are consistent with first-principles calculations,...

We developed a facile dielectric surface modification using "grafting to" polymer brushes for high-performance and stable TES-ADT FETs. Polymer were grafted onto oxide substrates by spin-coating thermal annealing. FETs fabricated on top of the brush layer showed excellent device performance−a field-effect mobility 0.84 cm2/(V s) an on/off current ratio 1 × 106−that was superior to that devices conventional treatments such as HMDS ODTS. During solvent annealing films, mobile chains appear...

We have investigated the effect of reaction temperature hot-injection method on structural properties CsPbX3 (X: Br, I, Cl) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. It is confirmed that size NCs decreased as decreased, resulting in stronger quantum confinement. The cubic-phase formed despite fact temperatures increased from 140 to 180 °C; however, monodispersive NC cubes are required for densely packing self-assembly film were only at lower temperatures....

Liquid octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) films have been prepared between two flat silicon substrates with varying nanometer-sized gaps which correspond to three molecular diameters of OMCTS. These extremely confined liquid investigated using X-ray scattering methods as a function applied pressure, in particular by observing the specular reflectivity and diffuse scattering. For first time, show that gap size cannot be changed continuously changing pressure. Instead, is quantized due...

We present systematic control of the crystallinity and electrical transport properties C60 films that are deposited onto pentacene layers, based on simple tuning underneath layer thickness. With increasing thickness from 0 to 2 monolayers, we observed improvement in grain size layer, which led dramatic enhancement electron conduction. Also, hole this bilayer structure could be generated when was above one monolayer. The resulting ambipolar thin-film transistors yielded mobilities as high 2.8...