Lithium-ion cells currently power almost all electronic devices and tools; they are a key enabling technology for electric vehicles increasingly considered to be the of choice grid storage. In line with this increased applicability, there is also an increase in development new commercial lithium-ion cell technologies that incorporate innovative functional components (electrode material compositions electrolyte formulations) designs, leading diverse range performance characteristics. The...

Abstract The power capability of a lithium ion battery is governed by its resistance, which changes with state such as temperature, charge, and health. Characterizing therefore, integral in defining operational boundaries, estimating performance tracking There are many techniques that have been employed for the resistance battery, these include: using DC pulse current signals tests or Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) tests; AC signals, i.e., electrochemical impedance spectroscopy...

This paper proposes a blended rule-based energy management system (EMS) for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The proposed EMS is formulated over driving information and trip not speed profiles, as usually seen. design structure strategy described followed by its evaluation. the first time platform acausal has been designed. Performance metrics such fuel economy number of engine stop-starts are compared with conventional real-world destinations uncertain demand. Its performance full...

Increased charging rates negatively affect the lifetime of lithium-ion cells by increasing cell resistance and reducing capacity. This work is a post-mortem study 18650-type subjected to charge 0.7-, 2-, 4-, 6-C. For charged at 0.7-C 4-C, this performance degradation primarily related surface film thickness with no observable change in chemical composition. However, 6-C, composition changes significantly, suggesting that reason for sharper increase compared lower rates. In addition, we found...

In a battery pack, cell-to-cell chemical variation, or the variation in operating conditions, can possibly lead to current imbalance which accelerate pack ageing. this paper, Pseudo-Two-Dimensional(P2D) porous electrode model is extended layout, predict overall behaviour and under constant voltage charging discharging. The algorithm used offers flexibility extending layout any number of cells be different capacities, characteristics physical dimensions. coupled electro-thermal effects such...

Range anxiety is a major barrier for the mass adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), contributing factor to this variability predicted range remaining presented driver in vehicle. This study aims better understand causes potential inaccuracies and how ITS can help resolve these issues. Eleven participants completed 141 logged journeys, with results showing that (as by EV driver) was overestimated approximately 50% comparison journey distance. Driving style had most significant impact on...

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are considered to be one of the energy-efficient technologies for near-term sustainability transportation sector. Over years, research has focused on improving fuel economy (FE) a given drive cycle, but FE variability over realistic range real-world driving patterns been generally overlooked, and this can lead benefits not being fully realized in usage. No systematic methodology exists reduce by design optimization powertrain components. This study proposes...

Electrodes are routinely washed to remove electrolyte deposits, salt, and high boiling point solvents prior analysis with surface-sensitive techniques. The effect of washing on the surface films graphite electrodes from LiCoO2/graphite cells, which contained varying amounts vinylene carbonate (VC), was investigated by comparing microstructure chemical composition. We confirmed that there two different kinds electrodes: one at low VC content concentration. Far being limited extraneous salt...

Ageing prediction is often complicated due to the interdependency of ageing mechanisms. Research has highlighted that storage not linear with time. Capacity loss storing battery at constant temperature can shed more light on parametrising properties Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI); identification which, using an electrochemical model, systematically addressed in this work. A new methodology proposed where any one available datasets be used find property SEI layer. sensitivity study...

Electric motorcycles feature a smaller size and lower weight than electric cars, meaning they have greater manoeuvrability energy efficiency, which translate to dynamic riding experience reduced environmental footprint. From thermal management perspective, one major challenge is how maximise the heat dissipation efficiency of battery system within limited space available onboard since represents largest loads onboard. This paper investigates motorcycle modelling facilitate prototype...

The Pseudo Two Dimensional (P2D) porous electrode model is less preferred for real time calculations due to the high computational expense and complexity in obtaining wide range of electro-chemical parameters despite its superior accuracy. This paper presents a finite volume based method re-parametrising P2D any cell chemistry with uncertainty determining precise electrochemical parameters. re-parametrisation achieved by solving quadratic form Butler-Volmer equation modifying anode open...

To reduce the number of collision fatalities at crossroads intersections, many countries have started replacing intersections with non-signalized roundabouts, forcing drivers to be more situationally aware and adapt their behaviors according scenario. A roundabout adds autonomous vehicle planning challenge, as navigating such interaction-dependent scenarios safely, efficiently, comfortably has been a challenge even for human drivers. Unlike traffic signal-controlled where merging order is...

Industrial and academic communities have embarked on investigating the sustainability of vehicles that contain embedded electrochemical energy storage systems. Circular economy strategies for electric vehicle (EV) or hybrid (HEV) battery systems are underpinned by implicit assumptions about state health (SOH) battery. The internal resistance is essential property determining available power, efficiency, heat generation. Consequently, precise measurement crucial to estimate SOH; however,...

Structural identifiability is a critical aspect of modelling that has been overlooked in the vast majority Li-ion battery studies. It considers whether it possible to obtain unique solution for unknown model parameters from experimental data. This fundamental prerequisite process, especially when represent physical attributes and proposed utilised estimate them. Numerical estimates unidentifiable are effectively meaningless since have an infinite number numerical solutions. demonstrated...

Growing global sales of electric vehicles (EVs) are raising concerns about the reverse logistics challenge transporting damaged, defective and waste lithium ion battery (LIB) packs. The European Union Battery Directive stipulates that 50% LIBs must be recycled EV manufacturers responsible for collection, treatment recycling. International Carriage Dangerous Goods by Road requirement to transport damaged or LIB packs in approved explosion proof steel containers imposes expensive...