There is a growing recognition of the importance proper urban design in improvement air flow and pollution dispersion reducing human exposure to pollution. However, limited number studies have been published so far focusing on development standard procedures which could be applied by planners effectively evaluate conditions with respect quality. To fill this gap, new approach for determination Air Quality Management Zones (AQMZs) was proposed presented based two case studies: Antwerp,...

Air pollution remains a major environmental and health concern in urban environments, especially street canyons that show increased levels due to lack of natural ventilation. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between canyon morphology in-canyon levels. However, these are typically limited scale single city-wide assessments on this matter scarce. In 2018, NO2 concentrations were measured 321 city Antwerp (Belgium) as part large-scale citizen-science project "CurieuzeNeuzen"....

ABSTRACT Endo-β-1,4-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8; endoxylanases), key enzymes in the degradation of xylan, are considered to play an important role phytopathogenesis, as they occupy a prominent position arsenal hydrolytic secreted by phytopathogens breach cell wall and invade plant tissue. Plant endoxylanase inhibitors increasingly being pinpointed part counterattack mechanism. To understand surprising XIP-type inhibitor insensitivity endoxylanases XylA XylB from phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum...

Architect Manuel de Sola?-Morales was one of the first designers to stress importance public interiors – places that are used as spaces although they might belong a private owner.1 Examples libraries, hospitals or shopping malls. However, included within concept interior also publicly owned such arcades, passages and inner courtyards, well collective outdoor areas provide shelter bus shelters (Figure1).These Kristiaan Borret, former city architect for Antwerp, describes ‘secondary spaces’....

After a decade marked by the renewal of grand European high-speed railway stations, today, second wave station is at hand. This paper argues importance train in historical development smaller cities. Based on comparative research recent best practices, contemporary urban design challenges and medium-sized stations are explored. The concludes that no longer shaped as monolithic, architectural cathedral, for but interweaves world passer-by with local inhabitant system public infrastructure facilities.

In his reflection on the Inside City interior educators conference (London, November, 2018), Andrew Stone acknowledged growing confidence of designers in engaging with city, which poses a natural conduit for discipline’s inherent interdisciplinarity. Within this provocation, central position is taken up by concept urban interiority. Breaking out confines domestic and private space, interiority transposes mobile notion into an context. This expansive understanding holds potential to blur...

Flanders (Belgium) is one of the most densely populated regions in Europe. Intensive land use, widespread suburbanization, inadequate environmental qualities, and fragmentation everywhere deteriorate living conditions put pressure on species natural habitats. In past, several governmental initiatives were launched to establish a coherent ecological network improve situation. Despite set objectives, only little progress was made. Therefore, green infrastructure, new approach that moves away...

Urban designs, and in particular urban masterplans, must deal with an inherently uncertain future. However, practice, many masterplans still seem to underestimate or even ignore uncertainty. Some scholars have proposed design flexibility adaptivity as a way uncertainties, but formal framework has been lacking theory. Drawing upon theories of real options finance economics, for under conditions uncertainty is developed. Five generic strategies are identified, offering different design....

Purpose As policy makers address the issue of climate adaptation, they are confronted with climate-specific barriers: a long-term horizon and high degree uncertainty. These barriers also hamper development spatial planning for adaptation. So how can planners encompass these steer general debate on adaptation? The paper aims to discuss issues. Design/methodology/approach This research analyzes strengths weaknesses an international design workshop drought issues in particular. Design workshops...

ABSTRACTABSTRACTThis paper describes the results of a research project in Antwerp, Belgium, aimed at developing spatial analysis approach ('activity scan') assessing how urban fabric on neighbourhood scale can encourage physical activity and active transport. By outlining set recurring challenges describing developed innovative toolkit, responds to necessity for design-oriented insights promote travel instigate concrete interventions. critically analysing this co-creative trajectory, article...

Considerable research has been devoted to sustainable urban underground space use, with the importance of spaces (UUS) for sustainability having well documented. However, focus most stems from an engineering or planning point view, overlooking ways in which design can contribute UUS. This paper aims synthesize and illustrate recommendations UUS integrative holistic manner, taking elements identified by other disciplines into account reinterpreting them view. The findings allow us suggest on...

As global warming persists, regions with moderate climatic conditions will be confronted exacerbating seasonal variations, including aggravating dry periods. This upcoming drought challenge receives, however, little attention from policymakers. Likewise, Flemish planners and designers focus on floods, not droughts. research concentrates design strategies that deal a lack of water in highly urbanized territories such as Flanders. The article analyses the results workshop (future) issues...

The article presents the results of qualitative studies concerning presence air quality management in process urban planning and public discourse Antwerp, Belgium, Gdańsk, Poland. We focused on way planners, environmental experts, stakeholders perceive problem pollution, especially with respect to development policy, whether they consider it one major factors determining built environment. analysis was empirically based free, partially structured interviews experts. With that aim, we...

Public underground car parks could be interpreted as capsular infrastructure landscapes, attracting cars to the heart of city and sweeping them under proverbial carpet. However, today many contemporary urban planners policymakers tend discourage use in their centres, causing a decreasing need for parking space. This emerging paradigm shift mobility creates potential adaptive reuse these hidden landscapes. scenarios specific landscapes are currently lacking. Through research by photography,...