A5020996970- Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies
- CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
- Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
- Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Ocular and Laser Science Research
- Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
- Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Optical Coherence Tomography Applications
- Quantum optics and atomic interactions
University of Edinburgh
2015-2024
Sony (Taiwan)
2024
STMicroelectronics (United Kingdom)
2017-2019
A <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$192 \times 128$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pixel single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) time-resolved counting (TCSPC) image sensor is implemented in STMicroelectronics 40-nm CMOS technology. The 13% fill factor, notation="LaTeX">$18.4\,\,\mu \text {m} 9.2\,\,\mu \text{m}$ contains a 33-ps resolution, 135-ns full scale, 12-bit time-to-digital converter...
A 128 × single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) motion detection-triggered time-of-flight (ToF) sensor is implemented in STMicroelectronics 40 nm CMOS SPAD foundry process. The combines vision and ToF ranging functions to acquire depth frames only when inter-frame intensity changes are detected. μm 20 pixels integrate two 16-bit time-gated counters histograms repurpose them compare without the requirement for additional out-of-pixel frame memory resources. An embedded column-parallel processor...
A digital silicon photomultiplier in 130-nm CMOS imaging technology implements time-correlated single photon counting at an order of magnitude beyond the conventional pile-up limit. The sensor comprises a 32 × 43% fill-factor avalanche diode array with multi-event folded-flash time-to-digital converter architecture operating 10 GS/s. 264 bins 16 bit histograms are generated and read out from chip maximal 188 kHz enabling fast time resolved scanning or ultrafast low-light event capture. Full...
Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a fundamental fluorescence lifetime measurement technique offering high signal to noise ratio (SNR). However, its requirement for complex software algorithms histogram processing restricts throughput in flow cytometers and prevents on-the-fly sorting of cells. We present single-point digital silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) detector accomplishing real-time lifetime-activated actuation targeting cell applications cytometry. The sensor also...
This paper examines methods to best exploit the High Dynamic Range (HDR) of single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in a high fill-factor HDR counting pixel that is scalable megapixel arrays. The proposed method combines multi-exposure with temporal oversampling in-pixel. We present silicon demonstration IC 96 × 40 array 8.25 µm pitch 66% SPAD-based pixels achieving >100 dB dynamic range 3 back-to-back exposures (short, mid, long). Each sums 15 bit-planes or binary field images internally...
Significance: Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an indispensable tool for quantifying cerebral blood flow noninvasively by measuring the autocorrelation function (ACF) of diffused light.Recently, a multispeckle DCS approach was proposed to scale up sensitivity with number independent speckle measurements, leveraging rapid development singlephoton avalanche diode (SPAD) cameras.However, extremely high data rate from advanced SPAD cameras beyond transfer commonly available and requires...
We present ATLAS, a 512 × single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array with embedded autocorrelation computation, implemented in 3D-stacked CMOS technology, suitable for correlation spectroscopy applications, including diffuse (DCS). The shared per-macropixel SRAM architecture provides 128 macropixel resolution, parallel minimum lag-time of 1 µs. demonstrate the direct, on-chip computation function sensor, and its capability to resolve changes decorrelation times typical body tissue real time,...
Direct time of flight (TOF) pixels implemented with single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are the most suitable candidates for high sensitivity and picosecond timing resolution TOF sensors. However, their performance is severely limited in dynamic range (HDR) applications such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) gesture recognition. Sampling full SPAD detector requires bit-depth counters which until now has resulted large pixel area low fill-factor (FF). We present a SPAD-based tOf...
Wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is a promising technique for biomedical and clinic applications. Integrating with CMOS single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) sensor arrays can lead to cheaper portable real-time FLIM systems. However, the data obtained by such systems often have sophisticated noise features. There still lack of fast tools recover parameters from highly noise-corrupted signals efficiently. This paper proposes smart wide-field system containing 192×128 COMS SPAD...
We present Time-of-Flight (TOF) distance, velocity and acceleration characterisation of a multi-event Time-to-Digital- Converter (TDC) optical sensor featuring 32x32 Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) array, 14 GS/s TDC on-chip histogram generation. Events are continuously recorded in 264 70 ps-wide bins. High throughput enables the device to be operated Doppler mode with pulse-trains moving at hypervelocity speeds relative operational frequency. Electrical frequency-detuned signals 50 kHz...