Abstract Large‐scale digitization projects such as #ScanAllFishes and oVert are generating high‐resolution microCT scans of vertebrates by the thousands. Data from these shared with community using aggregate 3D specimen repositories like MorphoSource through various open licenses. We anticipate an explosion quantitative research in organismal biology convergence available data methodologies to analyse them. Though available, road a series images analysis is fraught challenges for most...

Due to the complexity of fish skulls, previous attempts classify craniofacial phenotypes have relied on qualitative features or sparce 2D landmarks. In this work we aim identify previously unknown 3D with a semiautomated pipeline in adult zebrafish mutants. We first estimate synthetic 'normative' template using MicroCT scans from sample pool wild-type animals Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs). apply computational anatomy (CA) approach quantify phenotype disruptions bmp1a, gene implicated...

Genetic diseases affecting the skeletal system present with a wide range of symptoms that make diagnosis and treatment difficult. Genome-wide association sequencing studies have identified genes linked to human diseases. Gene editing zebrafish models allows researchers further examine link between genotype phenotype, long-term goal improving treatment. While current automated tools enable rapid in-depth phenotyping axial skeleton, characterizing effects mutations on craniofacial skeleton has...

ABSTRACT The functional capacities of animals are a primary factor determining survival in nature. In this context, understanding the biomechanical performance can provide insight into diverse aspects their biology, ranging from ecological distributions across habitat gradients to evolutionary diversification lineages. To survive and reproduce face environmental pressures, must perform wide range tasks, some which entail tradeoffs between competing demands. Moreover, demands encountered by...

Synopsis The evolution of novel functional traits can contribute substantially to the diversification lineages. Older might show greater variation than more recently evolved novelties, due accrual evolutionary changes through time. However, complexity and many-to-one mapping structure function could complicate such expectations. In this context, we compared kinematics performance across juveniles from multiple species for two styles waterfall-climbing that are gobiid fishes: ancestral...

Populations exposed to sustained differences in predation pressure often diverge morphological, behavioural or physiological features. However, pressures can also change throughout ontogeny, as individuals grow and/or migrate new habitats. We examine how anti-predator traits differ relation predator regime through a comparative study of juvenile and adult waterfall-climbing goby fishes. On Hawai'i, gobies out the range aquatic predators, whereas on La Réunion predators prey coincide. predict...

Movement is an important characteristic of animal's ecology, reflecting the perception and response to environmental conditions. To effectively search for food, movement patterns likely depend on habitat characteristics sensory systems used find prey. We examined movements associated with foraging two sympatric species lizards inhabiting Great Basin Desert southeastern Oregon. The have largely overlapping diets but prey via different cues, which link their differing strategies-the long-nosed...

Experimental measurements of escape performance in fishes have typically been conducted still water; however, many inhabit environments with flow that could impact behavior. We examined the influences and predator attack direction on behavior fish, using juveniles amphidromous Hawaiian goby Sicyopterus stimpsoni. In nature, these fish must ambush predation while moving through streams high-velocity flow. measured juvenile gobies exposing them to a range water velocities encountered natural...

Teleost fishes have evolved a number of sound-producing mechanisms, including vibrations the swim bladder. In addition to sound production, bladder also aids in reception. While production and reception by has been described separately fishes, extent which it operates for both single species is unknown. Here, using morphological, electrophysiological modelling approaches, we show that male plainfin midshipman fish (

ABSTRACT Large scale digitization projects such as #ScanAllFishes and oVert are generating high-resolution microCT scans of vertebrates by the thousands. Data from these shared with community using aggregate 3D specimen repositories like MorphoSource through various open licenses. currently hosts tens thousands eukaryotes. Along data similarly scoped 10kPhenomes, DigiMorph many others, soon hundreds specimens that represent biodiversity extinct extant organisms will be conveniently available...

Abstract Species classification is an important task which the foundation of industrial, commercial, ecological and scientific applications involving study species distributions, dynamics evolution. While conventional approaches for this use off‐the‐shelf machine learning (ML) methods such as existing Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) architectures, there opportunity to inform ConvNet architecture using our knowledge biological hierarchies among taxonomic classes. In work, we propose a...

Across vertebrate diversity, limb bone morphology is typically expected to reflect differences in the habitats and functional tasks that species utilize. Arboreal vertebrates are often recognized have longer limbs than terrestrial relatives, a feature thought help extend reach of across gaps between branches. Among vertebrates, can experience greater bending moments might expose bones risk failure. However, changes habitat or behavior impose forces experience. If locomotion imposed lower...

Abstract Relationships between body shape and escape performance are well established for many species. However, organisms can face multiple selection pressures that might impose competing demands. Many fishes use fast starts escaping predator attacks, whereas some species of gobiid have evolved the ability to climb waterfalls out predator-dense habitats. The ancestral ‘powerburst’ climbing mechanism uses lateral undulations move up waterfalls, a derived ‘inching’ rectilinear locomotion. We...

Abstract Assessing the factors that contribute to successful locomotor performance can provide critical insight into how animals survive in challenging habitats. Locomotion is powered by muscles, so differences relative proportions of red (slow‐oxidative) vs. white (fast‐glycolytic) fibers have significant implications for performance. We compared axial muscle between groups juveniles amphidromous gobiid fish, Sicyopterus stimpsoni , from Hawaiian Islands. Juveniles this species migrate...

Abstract Animal communication among competitors often relies on honest signaling such that displays of aggression accurately reflect an individual's performance abilities. Moreover, the maintenance should be enhanced by existence consistent individual differences in behavior and performance, individual‐level correlations between them. Despite this, researchers studying rarely measure behavioral repeatability. Here, we demonstrate field behaviors free‐ranging lizards a locomotor laboratory...

Locomotor force production imposes strong demands on organismal form. Thus, the evolution of novel locomotor modes is often associated with morphological adaptations that help to meet those demands. In goby lineage fishes, most species are marine and use their fused pelvic fins facilitate station holding in wave-swept environments. However, several groups gobies have evolved an amphidromous lifecycle, which larvae develop ocean but juveniles migrate freshwater for adult phase. many these...

Abstract Species classification is an important task that the foundation of industrial, commercial, ecological, and scientific applications involving study species distributions, dynamics, evolution. While conventional approaches for this use off-the-shelf machine learning (ML) methods such as existing Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) architectures, there opportunity to inform ConvNet architecture using our knowledge biological hierarchies among taxonomic classes. In work, we propose a...

Abstract Biodiversity image repositories are crucial sources of training data for machine learning approaches to biological research. Metadata, specifically metadata about object quality, is putatively an important prerequisite selecting sample subsets these experiments. This study demonstrates the importance quality a species classification experiment involving corpus 1935 fish specimen images which were annotated with 22 properties. A small subset high produced F1 accuracy 0.41 compared...

Freshwater streams on oceanic islands serve critical ecological and economic functions. However, these are underrepresented in assessments of pollution from contaminants emerging concern (CEC). Furthermore, freshwater their endemic fauna often have characteristics that distinct those continental model species, calling extrapolations studies such systems into question for island streams. In the current study, we assessed presence CEC across three sampling events five Island Hawai’i. We also...

Abstract Genetic diseases affecting the skeletal system present with a wide range of symptoms that make diagnosis and treatment difficult. Genome-wide association sequencing studies have identified genes linked to human diseases. Gene editing zebrafish models allows researchers further examine link between genotype phenotype, long-term goal improving treatment. While current automated tools enable rapid in-depth phenotyping axial skeleton, characterizing effects mutations on craniofacial...