7R47. Vorticity and Incompressible Flow. Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics. - AJ Majda (Courant Inst of Math Sci, New York Univ, NY) AL Bertozzi (Duke Durham NC). UP, Cambridge, UK. 2002. 545 pp. Softcover. ISBN 0-521-63948-4. $40.00. (Hardcover 0-521-63057-6 $100.00). Reviewed by A Ogawa (Dept Mech Eng, Col Nihon T 963 Tamura-machi, Kooriyama-city, Japan).In this book, the theoretical experimental analyses velocity fields with vorticity are applied to explain physical phenomena flow...

Biofilms have caused many problems, not only in the industrial fields, but also our daily lives. Therefore, it is important for us to control them by evaluating properly. There are instrumental analytical methods available formed biofilm qualitatively. These include use of Raman spectroscopy and various microscopes (optical microscopes, confocal laser scanning electron transmission atomic force etc.). On other hand, there some biological methods, such as staining, gene analyses, etc. From...

Weathering of two church facades in Rio de Janeiro was caused substantially by salts, mainly halite and gypsum, detected SEM chemical analyses, which cause physical stresses deposition within the rock. Biofilm populations, determined as operational taxonomic units (OTUs), degraded stone penetration, solubilization redeposition minerals on their surfaces. Endolithic cyanobacteria were associated with gypsum deposits. Microbiomes typical for high-stress environments, high salt, intense...

Contact-killing antibacterial materials are attracting attention owing to their ability for sustained activity. However, contact-killing polystyrene (PS) has not been extensively studied because its chemically stable structure impedes chemical modification. In this study, we developed an PS sheet with a surface using synthesized from 2,2′-azobis-[2-(1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium-2-yl)]propane triflate (ADIP) as radical initiator cationic moieties. The ADIP (ADIP-PS) exhibited...

Abstract We studied the relationships between streamwater chemistry and topography of subcatchments in Dorokawa watershed Hokkaido Island, northern Japan, to examine use as a predictor with relatively moderate terrain compared other regions Japan. Topographic characteristics its were expressed topographic index (TI) values, which ranged from 4·5 20·4 for individual grid cells (50 × 50 m 2 ), but averaged 6·4 7·4 20 subcatchments. Streamwater samples chemical analyses collected four times...

In this study, we examined the relationship between effect of a zinc coating on protecting carbon steel against biofilm formation in both air and water environments. SS400 coupons were covered with thermal spray or copper coating. Coated exposed to either conditions. Following exposure, surface conditions each coupon observed using optical microscopy, quantitatively analyzed an x-ray fluorescence analyzer. Debris was used for analysis including crystal violet staining quantification, Raman...

A Gram-positive, short diphtheroid-shaped organism was isolated from a sow's placenta of an abortion. This novel isolate, strain Murakami(T), examined physiologically, chemotaxonomically and phylogenetically. Cells had irregular V-shaped or palisade arrangement. Colonies appeared translucent on TMVL agar. were strictly anaerobic, negative for catalase gelatin decomposition positive nitrate reduction soluble starch hydrolysis. Fourteen sugars including glucose utilized as carbon sources...

A biofilm has a unique structure composed of microorganisms, extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), etc., and it is layered on substrate in water. In material science, important to detect the formed surface prevent biofouling. EPSs, major component biofilm, mainly consist polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids. Because these biomolecules have variety hydrophilicities or hydrophobicities, covered with shows different wettability from initial state. To formation, this study...

Concentrated suspensions of charged stabilized colloidal particles exhibit very large viscosity at low shear rate, a strong shear-thinning behavior intermediate and constant second Newtonian high rate. This type non-Newtonian is affected by many factors such as the particle volume fraction φ, diameter, surface electric potential ψ0, salt concentration, etc. The generalized equation for η this system proposed applying Eyring’s transition state theory. ψ0 thickness double layer κ−1 are...

Biofouling often occurs in cooling water systems, resulting the reduction of heat exchange efficiency and corrosion pipes, which raises running costs. Therefore, controlling biofouling is very important. To regulate biofouling, we focus on formation biofilm, early step biofouling. In this study, investigated whether silver or copper nanoparticles-dispersed silane coatings inhibited biofilm systems. We developed a closed laboratory reactor as model pipe used seawater for water. Silver coating...

CF3(CF2)7(CH2)10COOH spontaneously assembles into monodispersed nanometer-sized micelles after spreading onto the aqueous lanthanum acetate subphase in a Langmuir trough at 283 K, according to atomic force microscope (AFM) images. Polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and ordinary polarized are applied study surface situ on ex solid substrate, respectively. The long axes of −(CH2)7− helix −(CH2)10−chain slightly inclined, with tilt angles 25 ± 3°,...

The serial batch leaching test of an electronic arc furnace oxidizing slag was performed on the basis JIS K 0058-1 to investigate safety and clarify elution mechanism. which discharged at time refining normal steel used for this experiment. dissolved in water whose initial pH 6.0. After that, naturally dried. This operation 12 times successively.The dissolution behaviors Ca Mg were expressed by parabolic law. That Si linear dissolutions them from controlled diffusion through pore surface...

A laboratory biofilm reactor (LBR) was modified to a new loop-type closed system in order evaluate novel stents and catheter materials using 3D optical microscopy Raman spectroscopy. Two metallic specimens, pure nickel cupronickel (80% Cu-20% Ni), along with two polymers, silicone polyurethane, were chosen as examples ratify the system. Each set of specimens assigned LBR either tap water or an NB (Nutrient broth based on peptone from animal foods beef extract mainly)—cultured solution E-coli...

An influenza A virus (H3N2) with an envelope the same structure as COVID-19 was used for antiviral testing of material surfaces, in comparison some results feline calicivirus. The evaluation method film adhesion method, which solution is placed on and adhered to it using a film. based film, plaque cell allowed infect form plaques, but appropriate concentration must be adjusted observe plaques. When not under that restriction, plaques are often incomplete; this observed. For reason, study...

: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, people have become aware that materials (products) can transmit infection and begun to focus on questions such as how bacteria germs, sources of in-fection, maintain their infectivity material surfaces, extent which or cannot prevent this. what it. The SIAA, a non-profit organization many Japanese companies, had created an entirely separate interna-tional standard for materials' antibacterial, antiviral, antibiofilm properties (products). authors...

Blast furnace, converter and electric arc furnace (EAF) processes have produced iron steel slag as byproducts. In terms of resource utilization, the EAF process making from scrap metals is superior to other steelmaking ores or pig iron. Although all blast slags can be completely recycled for use base cement aggregate, parts ultimately end up in landfill sites. A laboratory-scale investigation was performed develop novel applications aquatic environments. To examine chemical properties...

We investigate wavelength competition in two-dimensional pattern-forming systems with uniaxial anisotropy. A spatially periodic modulation of the external driving force leads to an interplay wave length convection rolls which is similar competing interactions between two equilibrium lattice constants adsorption problems. For a class anisotropic we find new types stable patterns are induced by such competition. These skewed varicose pattern, undulatory pattern and incommensurate pattern. Each...