We report an adaptive interferometric null testing method for overcoming the dynamic range limitations of conventional approaches during unknown freeform optics metrology or manufacturing processes that require not-yet-completed surface measurements to guide next fabrication process. In presented method, a deformable mirror functions as adaptable component optical surface. The optimal mirror's shape is determined by stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm and controlled deflectometry...

We present a novel model-free iterative data-processing approach that improves surface reconstruction accuracy for deflectometry tests of unknown surfaces. This new processing method iteratively reconstructs the surface, leading to reduced error in final reconstructed surface. The was implemented system, and freeform tested compared interferometric test results. departure from results 15.80 μm RMS with model-based down 5.20 technique reported here.

The accepted screening technique for colon cancer is white light endoscopy. While most abnormal growths (lesions) are detected by this method, a significant number missed during colonoscopy, potentially resulting in advanced disease. Missed lesions often flat and inconspicuous color. A prototype ultraviolet spectral imager measuring autofluorescence (AF) reflectance has been developed applied study of 21 fresh human surgical specimens. Six excitation wavelengths from 280 to 440 nm formulaic...

Detection of flat neoplasia is a major challenge in colorectal cancer screening, as missed lesions can lead to the development an unexpected 'incident' prior subsequent endoscopy. The use tryptophan-related autofluorescence has been reported be increased murine intestinal dysplasia. emission spectra cells isolated from human adenocarcinoma and normal mucosa colon were studied showed markedly greater intensity cancerous compared obtained surrounding mucosa. A proto-type multispectral imaging...

Visual perception across a broad range of light levels is shaped by interactions between rod- and cone-mediated signals. Because responses retinal ganglion cells, the output cells retina, depend on signals from both rod cone photoreceptors, occurring in circuits provide an opportunity to link mechanistic operation parallel pathways perception. Here we show that interact nonlinearly control primate cells; these nonlinear interactions, surprisingly, were asymmetric, with strongly suppressing...

We present a novel deflectometry implementation termed Infinite Deflectometry. The technique provides full aperture surface reconstruction sag map of freeform surfaces, including previously challenging to measure optics such as highly convex surfaces. method relies on the creation virtual source enclosure around tested optic, which creates 2π-steradian measurement range. To demonstrate performance, fast f/1.26 optical was measured with commercial interferometer and Deflectometry system....

The Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) primary mirror consists of seven 8.4 m light-weight honeycomb mirrors that are being manufactured at the Richard F. Caris Mirror Lab (RFCML), University Arizona. In order to manufacture largest and most aspheric astronomical various high precision fabrication technologies have been developed, researched implemented RFCML. unique (in diameter) capacity facilities fully equipped with large optical generator (LOG), polishing machine (LPM), stressed lap, rigid...

Freeform optics provide excellent performance for a wide variety of applications. However, obtaining an accurate freeform surface measurement is highly challenging due to its large aspheric/freeform departure. It has been proven that SCOTS (Software Configurable Optical Test System), advanced deflectometry system developed at the University Arizona, can measure departure from desired shape with nanometer accuracy. Here, new data processing technique was used without any prior knowledge...

Abstract Reconfigurable freeform optical systems greatly enhance imaging performance within non-symmetric, compact, and ergonomic form factors. In this paper, several advances improve design, testing, monitoring of these systems. Specific enhancements include definition polynomials for fast efficient parameterizations vector distributions in non-circular apertures merit based function optimization. Deflectometry system improvements enable metrology almost any conceivable optic shape guide...

Dark-field illumination is a simple yet elegant imaging technique that can be used to detect the presence of particles on specular surface. However, sensitivity dark-field initial conditions affects its repeatability. This problematic in cases where automation desired. We present an improvement current method using modulation field relies phase calculations rather than intensity. As result, we obtain computational insensitive noise and provides clearly defined particle information, allowing...

Rectangular pupils are employed in many optical applications such as lasers and anamorphic optics, well for detection metrology systems some Shack−Hartmann wavefront sensors deflectometry systems. For fabrication, testing, analysis the rectangular domain, it is important to have a well-defined set of polynomials that orthonormal over pupil. Since we often measure gradient or surface, necessary polynomial orthogonal pupil vector domain well. We derive curl (called C) based on two-dimensional...

Background and Objectives Colonoscopy is the preferred method for colon cancer screening, but can miss polyps flat neoplasms with low color contrast. The objective was to develop a new autofluorescence that improves image contrast of colonic neoplasms. Study Design/Materials Methods We selected three strongest native fluorescence signals developed novel where images are processed in ratiometric formula represent likely cellular structural changes associated neoplasia. Native fresh surgical...

A new data processing method based on orthonormal rectangular gradient polynomials is introduced in this work. This methodology capable of effectively reconstructing surfaces or wavefronts with obtained from deflectometry systems, especially during fabrication and metrology high resolution freeform surfaces. First, we derived a complete computationally efficient vector polynomial set, called <strong>G</strong> polynomials. These are gradients Chebyshev the first kind – basis set many...

We present a collection of unique, collaborative, optical metrology systems that are fully capable measuring the extensive spectrum low-to-mid-to-high spatial frequencies, corresponding to surface shape information.

Abstract Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) offer a fresh opportunity to teach students the engineering design process (SEDP) and basic principles of aerospace engineering. The widespread popularity UAS, explosion affordable capable systems, recent advances in policy by FAA have enabled climate where UAS may be effectively used as model for many age groups learn SEDP critical problems solving skills. A focused project provides stimulating hands-on active learning are seeking today. In addition,...

We introduce a scalable temporally modulated long-wave infrared source design.The design makes use of an array resistive blackbody heating elements which radiate into custom aluminum integrating cavity.The output the box is rectangular slit, built to match traditional tungsten ribbon profile for deflectometry source.Temporal modulation allows signal isolation and improved resilience background fluctuations in source.Infrared measurements using new ribbon, both with similar radiant flux, were...

Cancer is a cellular process. The emission spectrum of tryptophan, which produces the strongest fluorescence in cells, was investigated cells and tissues normal malignant esophagus. Estimated intensity per cell about three times greater cancerous than cells. also tissue but difference attenuated, probably because absorption scattering. Cellular from tryptophan may be useful for detection cancer esophageal tissues.

Deflectometry is a metrology method able to measure large surface slope ranges that can achieve reconstruction accuracy similar interferometry, making it ideal for freeform metrology. While non-null method, deflectometry previously required precise model of the unit under test accurately reconstruct surface. However, there are times when no such exists, as during grinding phase an optic. We developed model-free iterative data processing technique which provides improved optics correct...

Large spherical balloons are a promising new option for deploying extremely large, yet light-weight mirrors stratospheric and space-based applications. However, their lack of rigid, precise structure presents unique challenge optically correcting nonspherical distortions, particularly at shorter wavelengths. In this paper, we present the design characterization lab prototype 10-m aperture telescope observing water vapor emission line 538 μm (557 GHz), as well considerations future...

The Software Configurable Optical Testing System (SCOTS) is one of the newest testing methods for large mirror surfaces. Integrated Ray Tracing (IRT) technique can be applicable to SCOTS simulation by performing non-sequential ray tracing from screen camera detector in real scale. Therefore, radiometry distorted pattern images are numerically estimated IRT module. In this study, we construct an model Fast Steering Mirror Prototype (FSMP) surface Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT). GMT FSMP...