Solvation force profiles for three room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs), ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), propylammonium (PAN), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (C2mimAc) confined between Si3N4 tips mica, silica, graphite have been measured using an atomic microscope. The measurements reveal oscillatory behavior in all cases, with the size of oscillations corresponding to physical dimension ion pair. surface charge roughness orientation cations at interface are critical determinants...

Ionic liquids' (ILs) remarkable and tunable physicochemical properties mean they have distinct performance advantages over conventional solvents in many settings. However, the use of ILs surface-dependent processes (e.g. electrodeposition, heterogeneous catalysis, dye solar cells) is hindered by lack a systematic understanding IL interfacial structure. In this Perspective, we highlight recent experiments which show nanostructure consequence both surface-specific bulk liquid interactions....

The double layer structure of two ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([Py1,4]FAP) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([EMIm]FAP) at the polarized Au(111) electrode interface is probed using Atomic Force Microscopy force measurements. force-separation profiles suggest a multilayered morphology present electrified Au(111)−IL interface, with more near surface layers detected higher potentials. At (slightly negative) open circuit potential,...

Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are low-melting-point organic salts that, until recently, were thought to have homogeneous microstructure. In this work, we investigate nanoscale segregation of short (<C4) alkyl chain ILs using propylammonium nitrate (PAN) and ethylammonium (EAN). Structure peaks at q = 0.54 Å-1 for PAN 0.66 EAN, corresponding Bragg spacings (D* 2π/qmax) 11.6 9.7 Å respectively, provide the first experimental evidence heterogeneity with chains less than C4. The...

Ionic liquids are pure salts that liquid under ambient conditions. As composed solely of ions, the scientific consensus has been ionic have exceedingly high strengths and thus very short Debye screening lengths. However, several recent experiments from laboratories around world reported data for approach two surfaces separated by which revealed remarkable long range forces appear to be electrostatic in origin. Evidence accumulated demonstrating surface different combinations electrically...

The surface interaction of two air- and water-stable ionic liquids (ILs), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethylsulfonyl]amide ([EMIm]TFSA) 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide ([BMP]TFSA), with Au(111) has been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), cyclic voltammetry, scanning tunneling (STM) measurements. AFM experiments reveal that multiple solvation layers are present at the gold interface for both ILs strength between innermost layer...

<italic>Ab initio</italic> MD and experiments are combined to reveal how the nanostructures in choline chloride deep eutectic solvents, hence their properties, modulated by hydrogen bond donor structure.

The bulk structure of the two oldest ionic liquids (ILs), ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and ethanolammonium (EtAN), is elucidated using neutron diffraction. spectra were modelled empirical potential refinement (EPSR). results demonstrate that EAN exhibits a long-range solvophobic origin, similar to bicontinuous microemulsion or disordered L(3)-sponge phase, but with domain size only 1 nm. alcohol (-OH) moiety in EtAN interferes association between cation alkyl chains resulting small clusters...

In this discussion paper we discuss our recent results on the electrodeposition of materials and in situ STM/AFM measurements which demonstrate that ionic liquids should not be regarded as neutral solvents all have similar properties. particular, focus differences interfacial structure (solvation layers) metal electrodes a function liquid species. Recent theoretical experimental show conventional double layers do form systems. Rather, multilayer architecture is present, with number...

The structure and dynamics of the interfacial layers between extremely pure air- water-stable ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate Au(111) has been investigated using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy measurements. situscanning tunnelling measurements reveal that surface undergoes a reconstruction, at −1.2 V versusPt quasi-reference famous (22 × √3)...

The size, direction, strength, and distribution of hydrogen bonds in several protic ionic liquids (PILs) has been elucidated using neutron diffraction computer simulation. There is significant variation PIL bond interactions ranging from short linear to long bi-/trifurcated. nature the PIL's reflects its macroscopic properties.

The lubricating properties of an ionic liquid on gold surfaces can be controlled through application electric potential to the sliding contact. A nanotribology approach has been used study frictional behavior 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate ([Py(1,4)]FAP) confined between silica colloid probes or sharp tips and a Au(111) substrate using atomic force microscopy. Friction forces vary with because composition ion layer two changes from cation-enriched (at...

Atomic force microscopy measurements reveal that superlubricity can be "switched" on and off in situ when an ionic liquid is used to lubricate the silica-graphite interface. Applying a potential graphite surface changes ion composition of boundary layer thus lubricity. At positive potentials, interfacial anion rich, friction falls ultra-low levels.

The stability and activity of hen's egg white lysozyme in the presence four protic room temperature ionic liquids (ethylammonium formate (EAF), propylammonium (PAF), 2-methoxyethylammonium (MOEAF) ethanolammonium (EtAF)) have been investigated. Near UV CD experiments used to determine protein structure aqueous solutions 25 wt%, 50 wt% 75 liquid, assess proteins ability refold after heating 90 °C. It was determined that EAF MOEAF are similarly effective refolding additives, while PAF is more...

Water in ionic liquids: When equal masses of water and the protic liquid ethylammonium nitrate are mixed a bicontinuous nanostructure results. This resembles aqueous surfactant mesophases but has length scales at least an order magnitude smaller. The local structure both strikingly similar to that found pure liquids (see picture).

Colloid probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements are used to elucidate the effect of variation in cation alkyl chain length and anion species on IL nanostructure at Au(111) surfaces as a function potential. Four ionic liquids (ILs) examined: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([EMIM] FAP), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([BMIM] 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ([HMIM] FAP) iodide I). The step-wise force-distance profiles show ILs adopt multilayered...

Ionic liquids (ILs) are attractive solvents for devices such as lithium ion batteries and capacitors, but their uptake is limited, partially because Stern layer nanostructure poorly understood compared to molecular solvents. Here, in situ amplitude-modulated atomic force microscopy has been used reveal the of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIm TFSI)–HOPG (highly ordered pyrolytic graphite) interface with resolution. The effect applied surface potential added...

Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are attracting considerable research interest as replacements for traditional molecular solvents in a diverse range of chemical applications, mostly due to their green characteristics and remarkable physical properties. Previously, we reported the liquid structure 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate confined between mica an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, found that approximately three solvation layers form. In this manuscript, present new data,...

The structure of the interfacial layer(s) between extremely pure air- and water-stable ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate Au(111) has been investigated using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at electrode potentials more positive than open circuit potential. STM measurements show that layers/islands form with increasing According to recently published atomic force (AFM) data anion is adsorbed even low anodic overvoltages adsorption...

The bulk structure of the ionic liquid propylammonium nitrate (PAN) has been determined using neutron diffraction. Empirical potential refinement (EPSR) fits to data show that PAN self-assembles into a quasi-periodic bicontinuous nanostructure reminiscent an amphiphileL3-sponge phase. Atomic detail on ion arrangements around cation and anion yields evidence hydrogen bonding between ammonium groups strong alkyl chain aggregation interdigitation. resultant amphiphilic is more pronounced than...