Consensus is one of the key problems in blockchains. There are many articles analyzing performance threat models for But network stability seems lack attention, which fact affects blockchain performance. This paper studies a well adopted consensus algorithm, Raft, networks with non-negligible packet loss rate. In particular, we propose simple but accurate analytical model to analyze distributed split probability. At given time, explicitly present probability as function size, rate, and...

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) blockchain is a new paradigm of that solves the poor scalability and low throughput caused by single-chain structure for IoT applications in blockchain. However, DAG-structured blockchains, it difficult to determine order blocks. Additionally, there also lack secure efficient ways generate blocks parallel. To address these problems, we propose an DAG architecture. First, novel heaviest chain rule based on block weight proposed guide selection parent uncle block,...

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite equipped with image inference capabilities (LEO-IISat) offer significant potential for Observation (EO) missions. However, the dual challenges of limited computational capacity and unbalanced energy supply present obstacles. This paper introduces Accuracy-Energy Efficiency (AEE) index to quantify accuracy unit consumption evaluate performance LEO-IISat. It also proposes a lightweight adaptive strategy utilizing Markov Decision Process (MDP) Deep Q Network...

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite edge computing system is becoming an emerging topic and technology aiming to meet the ever-increasing computation requirements in extensive coverage. In this paper, a novel cost model of established firstly, which can be formulated as mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. And then problem decomposed into two sub-problems, i.e. offloading resource allocation Furthermore, joint (JCORA) strategy proposed tackle sub-problems whole. Simulation results show...

This paper is to show a representation of fundamental frequency (F0) using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) for prosody modeling in emotion conversion. Emotional conversion aims at converting speech from one state another. Specifically, we use CWT decompose F0 into five-scale that corresponds five temporal scales. A neutral voice converted an emotional under exemplar-based framework, where both spectrum and are simultaneously converted. The simulation results demonstrate the dynamics...

Speech emotion recognition is a vital contributor to the next generation of human-computer interaction (HCI). However, current existing small-scale databases have limited development related research. In this paper, we present LSSED, challenging large-scale english speech dataset, which has data collected from 820 subjects simulate real- world distribution. addition, release some pre-trained models based on can not only promote recognition, but also be transferred downstream tasks such as...

The accurate spraying of herbicides and intelligent mechanical weeding operations are the main ways to reduce use chemical pesticides in fields achieve sustainable agricultural development, an important prerequisite for achieving these is identify field crops weeds accurately quickly. To this end, a semantic segmentation model based on improved U-Net proposed paper address issue efficient identification vegetable weeds. First, simplified visual group geometry 16 (VGG16) network used as...

Emotional facial expression transfer involves sequence-to-sequence mappings from an neutral to another emotional expression, which is a well-known problem in computer graphics. In the graphics community, current considered methods are typically linear (e.g., based on blendshape mapping) and dynamical aspects of motion itself not taken into account. This makes it difficult retarget articulations involved speech. this paper, we apply temporal restricted Boltzmann machines model transfer. The...

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) system is expected to realize the vision of 6G. Considering differences computing task and capability among terminals as well resource limitation mobility LEO satellites. In this paper, a Joint Offloading Decision Resource Allocation (JODRA) strategy proposed optimize delay energy consumption for multi-satellite coverage area. The offloading decision problem modeled many-to-one match game with externality, tackled by improved...

Paddy field leveling is an essential step before rice transplanting. During the operation of a paddy grader, common issue wrapping straw around blades, resulting in low burial rate. This study focused on analyzing operating parameters disc spring–tooth-combined grader. A soil–straw mechanism simulation model was created using EDEM 2021 software to simulate status. Firstly, single-factor test carried out, with working speed, depth cutter roller, and rotation speed roller as factors...

In this letter, a novel metric is proposed to evaluate the average sensing energy-efficiency of cognitive radio (CR) networks. A theorem as well related closed-form expression for determining optimum number cooperative terminals provided optimize metric. According theorem, we propose an efficient terminal-assignment strategy coordinated spectrum sensing. Simulation results show that can significantly improve overall energy efficiency CR system.

A novel giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) noncontact current sensor with spiral structure double-probe is designed. Differing from the formerly reported sensors, probes of this consist annealed commercial amorphous ribbons which are curled to tubes. Two couples permanent magnets applied provide bias magnetic field. The distance between and fixed at 2.4 cm. shows sensitivity 1 V/A in range plusmn1.5 A, measurement precision less than 0.16% room temperature, good thermal stability temperature -20 30degC.

We have designed a novel giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) noncontact current sensor with array structure double probes. Unlike previously reported sensors, our sensor's probes consist of many pieces commercial amorphous ribbons, which are parallel to each other, equidistant, and connected in series, permanent magnet provides bias magnetic field. The double-probe output shows the best sensitivity linearity at field 7.40 Oe. Under this field, 1 V/A range plusmn3 A, measurement precision less than...

Aiming at solving the problem of a wide variety crop planting and addressing concept precision agriculture, pneumatic universal seed-metering device suitable for corn soybean was designed. According to physical size above two crops planting, seeding plate, hole, guide tube were The pressure distribution inside plate studied, when pressure, diameter rotation speed metering changed. Through coupling simulation method DEM CFD, effects air suction hole diameter, intensity, on performance...

To improve the drying efficiency, uniformity and germination rate after hot air of Cyperus esculentus seeds, this paper proposed a method that combines tempering drying. The curve was obtained by experiment. influence on quality seeds trend with process parameters (the temperature, moisture content at beginning duration) were analyzed single-factor experiments. regression models established star point design response surface methodology, relationships between seed production indexes...

Ship cabins are places for the crew to be on duty and have a rest. The convention sets high limitation noises of ship cabins. This paper combined finite element method with boundary study improve noise Firstly, this established model cabin, computed structural response, took response as condition input it into acoustic software couple model, realize computation vibro-acoustic coupling obtain sound pressure response. Then, numerically computational was compared experimental results, good...

The introduction of Muti-Access Edge Computing (MEC) into Satellite-Terrestrial integrated network can effectively guarantee Quality Experience (QoE) Internet Things (IoT) devices, increasing the flexibility and robustness whole network. In this paper, a novel profit maximization model MEC resource provider in double edge computing system is established, where Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite server augment capability overloaded terrestrial server. entire problem decomposed two sub-problems,...