Blending controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) with ordinary (ONF) is a strategic approach to improve winter wheat nutrient management. This blend provides (N) in balanced and consistent manner, ensuring long-term growth, reducing loss due leaching or volatilization, increasing N use efficiency (NUE). CRNF aims enhance application suitability, optimizes soil dynamics, its widespread can boost crop NUE yield. The study investigates how different ONF blending ratios affect content,...

Water shortage and unbalanced precipitation distribution are major problems threatening agricultural sustainability, especially winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China, water-saving cultivation with limited irrigation is a promising technique this region. An eight-year field study was conducted region from 2007 to 2015, same water fertilizer management used sowing stage wheat, which then received supplemental (SI) or no (rain-fed). The proportion...

Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in wheat fields has led to elevated NO3-N concentrations groundwater and reduced N efficiency. Three-year field 15N tracing experiments were conducted investigate the effects application rates on uptake from basal topdressing 15N, efficiency, grain yield winter plants; determine dynamics derived both soil high-yielding fields. The results showed that 69.5–84.5% accumulated plants soil, while 6.0–12.5%and 9.2–18.1% top fertilizer, respectively....

Planting grass and legume mixtures on improved grasslands has the potential advantage of realizing both higher yields lower environmental pollution by optimizing balance between applied N fertilizer natural process biological nitrogen fixation. However, optimal level fertilization for grass-legume mixtures, to obtain highest yield, quality, contribution N2 fixation, varies with species. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted study temporal dynamics fixation alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)...

Irrigation at jointing increases spike numbers wheat harvest, but the mechanisms underlying increased tiller formation rate (SR) during production caused by irrigation have remained unclear. We therefore designed supplemental (SI) treatments in which SI was received (SIJ) or did not receive (NSI) wheat, and analyzed morphological differentiation of young ears physiological responses stems to SI. Results shown that SIJ relative NSI mainly improved SR first primary (T1) second (T2),...

To solve the problems of yield reduction and low water-use efficiency (WUE) winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) caused by spring drought, a 2-year field experiment (2017–2019) was performed under movable shelter conditions with large- multispike cultivars Shannong 23 29, respectively, to explore optimal supplemental irrigation regime. Three wetting layers were used for at jointing stage: 0–10 cm (T2), 0–20 (T3) 0–30 (T4). No stage (T1) served as control. Within given cultivar, soil water...

To determine the effect of different rainfall energy levels on breakdown soil aggregates, this study analyzed splash erosion amounts and distribution particle sizes under six conditions (rainfall energy: 2.41 × 10−5–22.4 10−5 J m−2 s−1 1.29 10−4 s−1) at five distances (from 0–10 cm to 40–50 cm). Cores size 10 20 undisturbed cultivated dark loessial were selected in tree replicates as research subject. The results indicated that splashed aggregates distributed mainly 0–20 cm, which accounted...

To improve the grain yield (GY) and water–nitrogen (N) use efficiency of summer maize, a 2–year field experiment was conducted using micro–sprinkling irrigation water–fertilizer integration. Surface N application methods were applied in control (CK, at sowing; 300 kg ha−1). Under integration, five rates (0, 120, 180, 240, ha−1, sowing, jointing, tasseling ratio 1:1:1; designated WN0, WN120, WN180, WN240, WN300, respectively). The leaf area index dry matter accumulation increased with...

Core Ideas Supplemental irrigation with micro‐sprinkling hose was suitable for wheat. The Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, and photosynthetic rate increased sprinkling angle. 80° angle dry matter, grain‐filling rate, duration. All benefits were hypothesized to accrue through the soil water uniformity. Water‐saving techniques are critical winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) development in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain of China assist coping increasingly serious shortages. A experiment conducted from 2010 2012...

Abstract To clarify the influence of post‐jointing drought on ear‐bearing and seed‐setting characteristics main stem tillers winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), a pot experiment was conducted with cultivars “Shannong 29” (SN29) “Heng 0628” (H0628), five water regimes: mild (WR1) severe (WR2) for 0–5 days after jointing, (WR3) (WR4) 0–10 jointing adequate supply as control (CK). The present study focused primary (appear in axils leaves: T1, T2, T3, T4, etc.), well secondary from bud axil...

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of conventional Ovsynch protocol (OVS) and a modified synchronization (GPGMH) on follicular dynamics, estrus, ovulation, pregnancy in nulliparous multiparous crossbred (swamp × riverine) buffaloes during different seasons. GPGMH or OVS protocols were used synchronize (

Chloropicrin (CP) is highly volatile and may pose strong exposure risks for humans the environment. A gelatin capsule formulation was developed to reduce atmospheric CP emissions improve application safety. The objective of this study determine distribution, emissions, soil residual after in capsules columns. Two treatments were studied: (i) liquid injection with polyethylene film (ii) film. For treatment, concentration peaked (120.7 μg cm −3 ) at 20‐cm depth 1 h fumigant decreased time;...

Abstract To explore the effect of irrigation at jointing stage on nitrogen (N) redistribution after flowering and productivity effects water N in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), a 2‐yr field experiment was conducted between 2015 2017. Three regimes were designed as follows: rain‐fed (W0), 7 d (W1), (W2). Compared with W2, W1 increased spike number, kernels per spike, dry matter (DM) accumulation flowering; delayed senescence flag leaves leaf photosynthetic rate, DM from vegetative...