Biofilm formation is most commonly combatted with antibiotics or biocides. However, proven toxicity and increasing resistance of bacteria increase the need for alternative strategies to prevent adhesion surfaces. Chemical modification surfaces by tethering functional polymer brushes films provides a route toward antifouling coatings. Furthermore, nanorough superhydrophobic can delay biofilm formation. Here we show that submicrometer-sized roughness outweigh surface chemistry testing E. coli...

Abstract Fouling of thin tubes is a major problem, leading to various infections and associated morbidities, while cleaning difficult or even impossible. Here, generic method introduced activate coat the inside meter‐long at same time (down 1 mm) with super‐liquid‐repellent layer nanofilaments, exhibiting antibacterial properties. Activation facilitated by pumping an oxidative Fenton solution through tubes. Subsequent silane renders surface super‐liquid‐repellent. The wide applicability...

Bismuth ferrites have been prepared using a hydrothermal method in reaction solution containing mineralizer with various ratios of KOH/NaOH. The phases and morphology the bismuth were examined for systems two different molar Bi3+/Fe3+, 1 1/2. For system Bi3+/Fe3+ = 1, we able to tune mean thickness Bi2Fe4O9 plates by varying 1/2, main phase transferred from mixed BiFeO3 Fe2O3 when ratio KOH/NaOH decreased less than 1. Bi2Fe4O9, this case, is more rectangular block-like dominating {001}...

Membranes with selective superwettability for oil/water separation have received significant attention during the past decades. Hierarchical structures and surface roughness are believed to improve oil repellency stability of Cassie-Baxter state. Diatoms, unicellular photosynthetic algae, possess sophisticated skeletal shells (called frustules) which made hydrated silica. Motivated by hierarchical micro- nanoscale features diatom, we fabricate a diatomite membrane consists aligned...

The stress relaxation behavior during thermal cycling of metal/quartz and metal/polyimide/quartz layered structures has been investigated using a cantilever bending beam technique. metals chosen for this study include Cu Cr, two materials with contrasting mechanical interfacial bonding properties. A finite element analysis, as well an analytical calculation, carried out to deduce the distribution in structures. Results indicate that extent strongly depends on intrinsic property metal film...

The interaction of pyromellitic dianhydride–oxydianiline based polyamic acid precursor with copper was investigated under various curing conditions. Two reactions were found to occur at the interphase boundary during cycle: Cu acid, and oxidation. It that rates both are controlled by oxygen level supply interface. Thus, thickness polymer coating in ambient be rate determining factors. presence a high polyimide film, particularly thin coating, severely degrade create an oxidized film...

Robust stalagmite-like self-cleaning surfaces with good transparency and flexibility are developed by plasma-assisted nanofabrication silanization under ambient conditions.

Abstract In this work, fluorine‐containing copolyimides were synthesized from 6FDA dianhydride and different ratios of BisAAF PPD diamines. Properties, such as composition, viscosity, dielectric constant, glass‐transition temperature, thermal decomposition tensile characteristics, transmittance, investigated by using elemental analysis, viscometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, a thermogravimetric analyzer, tester, UV–visible spectrophotometry....

This paper presents LinggleWrite, a writing coach that provides suggestions, assesses proficiency levels, detects grammatical errors, and offers corrective feedback in response to user's essay. The method involves extracting grammar patterns, training models for automated essay scoring (AES) error detection (GED), finally retrieving plausible corrections from n-gram search engine. Experiments on public test sets indicate both AES GED achieve state-of-the-art performance. These results show...

In this work, the agglomeration behavior of copper thin films after high temperature annealing was investigated. Cu (200 or 50 nm)/Ta (10 nm, no Ta)/TaN (50 nm) layers were deposited onto (270 nm)/Si substrates by magnetron sputtering. All samples annealed in vacuum at temperatures ranging from 400 to 800°C. The sheet resistance, phases, surface morphology, elemental depth profiles, and chemical binding states investigated four-point probe, θ-2θ X-ray diffraction, scanning electron...

In this work, surface modification of 6FDA-BisAAF fluorine-contained polyimide by or plasma was carried out and material characteristics the surfaces after treatment were investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that will react with carbon atoms in structure to form C–O bonding on destroy polymer structure. Reactions between nitrogen fluorine are thermodynamically favorable during result a significant defluorination an increase water absorption. The polyimides, without...

In this work, thin metal films (⁠Cr and Ta⁠) were deposited on fluorine-contained polyimides, 6FDA–BisAAF, 6FDA–PPD. The chemical states of the metal∕polyimide samples characterized by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS analysis reveals that metal–C⁠, C–O⁠, metal–O bondings are present in metallized 6FDA–BisAAF C–F bonds observed bare 6FDA–PPD; however, they not seen samples. Disappearance bonding is attributed to disruption CF3 side groups from main chains 6FDA–PPD when...

We present a method for extracting formulaic expressions, grammar patterns, and editing rules from given corpus to assist learners in learning write at the level required English Academic Purposes.In our method, sentences are parsed into chunks of base phrases, with arguments sense disambiguated derive syntactic semantic patterns.The involves executing shallow parsing, transforming phrases filtering ranking patterns each headword.We applied proposed annotated writing errors their corrections...

Hierarchically stalagmite-like tungsten-oxide protrusions on stainless steel mesh exhibited superior selective superwettability toward low surface tension oils under harsh environments.

We present a method for learning bilingual word embeddings in order to support second language (L2) learners finding recurring phrases and example sentences that match mixed-code queries (e.g., “接 受 sentence”) composed of words both target native (L1). In our approach, are transformed into aimed at maximizing the probability retrieving relevant sentences. The involves converting given parallel corpus data, generating from expanding languages based on embeddings. prototype search engine,...

This paper describes the process of extracting and filtering Wikipedia revision history as a resource for grammatical error correction (GEC). Edits in vary widely, including corrections, information supplements, format amendments, even vandalism. To extract only GEC-related revisions, we use an automated annotation toolkit, ERRANT <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> , extend it to large data parallel efficiently. With...

In this work, the capacitance-voltage characteristics of -bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA)-p-phenylene diamine (PPD)/Si metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors after different annealing processes are investigated. During (in ambient and in vacuum), positive charges generated it leads to a shift flatband voltage toward negative-bias direction. However, annealed samples moves backward (the bias direction) aging at room temperature air for 1 week. addition,...