Human intestinal microbiota has a number of important roles in human health and is also implicated several gastrointestinal disorders. The goal this study was to determine the gut two groups pre- adolescent children: healthy volunteers children diagnosed with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D).Phylogenetic Microbiota Array used obtain quantitative measurements bacterial presence abundance subjects ’ fecal samples. We utilized high-throughput DNA sequencing, PCR,...

Clostridium difficile is an opportunistic human intestinal pathogen, and C. infection (CDI) one of the main causes antibiotic-induced diarrhea colitis. One successful approach to combat CDI, particularly recurrent form through transplantation fecal microbiota from a healthy donor infected patient. In this study we investigated distal gut microbial communities three CDI patients before after transplantation, compared these composition donor's microbiota. We utilized phylogenetic Microbiota...

Prunus domestica commonly known as European plum is a hexaploid fruit tree species cultivated around the world. Locally it used for fresh consumption, in jams or jellies, and production of spirits while commercially primarily sold dried (prunes). Despite its agricultural importance long history cultivation, many questions remain about origin this species, relationships among pomological types, underlying genetics. Here, we sequence-based genotyping approach to characterize worldwide...

Recently developed high throughput molecular techniques such as massively parallel sequencing and phylogenetic microarrays generate vast datasets providing insights into microbial community structure function. Because of the dimensionality these datasets, multivariate ordination analyses are often employed to examine data. Here, we show how use distance based redundancy analysis provides ecological interpretation differences. We also extend previously method principal response curves...

As the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei completes its life cycle, it encounters many different environments. Adaptation to these environments includes modulation of metabolic pathways parallel availability nutrients. Here, we describe how blood-dwelling cycle stages trypanosome, which consume glucose meet their nutritional needs, respond differently culture in near absence glucose. The proliferative long slender parasites rapidly die, while nondividing short stumpy parasite remains...

Whereas the neurological effects of cocaine have been well documented, acute consumption on genome-wide gene expression across brain remain largely unexplored. This question cannot be readily addressed in humans but can approached using Drosophila melanogaster model, where entire surveyed at once. Flies exposed to show impaired locomotor activity, including climbing behavior and startle response (a measure sensorimotor integration), increased incidence seizures compulsive grooming. To...

Disruption of lipolysis has widespread effects on intermediary metabolism and organismal phenotypes. Defects in can be modeled Drosophila melanogaster through genetic manipulations brummer (bmm), which encodes a triglyceride lipase orthologous to mammalian Adipose Triglyceride Lipase. RNAi-mediated knock-down bmm all tissues or metabolic specific results reduced locomotor activity, altered sleep patterns lifespan. Metabolomic analysis flies is downregulated reveals marked reduction medium...

Polygenic prediction of complex trait phenotypes has become important in human genetics, especially the context precision medicine. Recently, mr.mash , a flexible and computationally efficient method that models multiple jointly leverages sharing effects across such to improve accuracy, was introduced. However, drawback is it requires individual-level data, which are often not publicly available. In this work, we introduce mr.mash-rss an extension model only summary statistics from...

Arsenic is an ubiquitous environmental toxicant with harmful physiological effects, including neurotoxicity. Modulation of arsenic-induced gene expression in the brain cannot be readily studied human subjects. However, Drosophila allows quantification transcriptional responses to neurotoxins at single cell resolution across entire a analysis. We exposed melanogaster chronic dose NaAsO₂ that does not cause rapid lethality and measured survival negative geotaxis as proxy sensorimotor...

We previously showed that stool samples of pre-adolescent and adolescent US children diagnosed with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) had different compositions microbiota metabolites compared to healthy age-matched controls. Here we explored whether observed fecal metabolite differences between these two populations can be used discriminate health. constructed individual microbiota- metabolite-based sample classification models based on the partial least squares multivariate analysis then...

Fetal alcohol exposure can lead to developmental abnormalities, intellectual disability, and behavioral changes, collectively termed fetal spectrum disorder (FASD). In 2015, the Centers for Disease Control found that 1 in 10 pregnant women report use more than 3 million USA are at risk of exposing their developing fetus alcohol.

Echinochloa colona and other species in this genus are a threat to global rice production food security. Quinclorac, an auxin mimic, is common herbicide for grass weed control rice, spp. have evolved resistance it. The complete mode of quinclorac action subsequent evolution not fully understood. We analyzed the de novo transcriptome multiple-herbicide-resistant (ECO-R) herbicide-susceptible genotypes response quinclorac. Several biological processes were constitutively upregulated ECO-R,...

Abstract Balamuthia mandrillaris , a pathogenic free-living amoeba, causes cutaneous skin lesions as well granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, ‘brain-eating’ disease. As with the other known amoebas ( Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba species), drug discovery efforts to combat infections of central nervous system are sparse; few targets have been validated or characterized at molecular level, little is about biochemical pathways necessary for parasite survival. Current treatments...

Placental efficiency (PE) describes the relationship between placental and fetal weights (fetal wt/placental wt). Within litters, PE can vary drastically, resulting in similarly sized pigs associated with differently placentas, up to a 25% weight difference. However, mechanisms enabling smaller placenta grow comparable littermate are unknown. To elucidate potential mechanisms, morphological measurements gene expression profiles endometrial tissues of high low feto-placental units were...

Large multigene families, such as the insect odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), are thought to arise through functional diversification after repeated gene duplications. Whereas many OBPs function in chemoreception, members of this family also expressed tissues outside chemosensory organs. Paralogs Obp50 cluster metabolic and male reproductive tissues, but their functions interrelationships remain unknown. Here, we report genetic dissection four cluster, which close physical proximity without...

Listeria monocytogenes is a leading foodborne pathogen that can contaminate fresh produce in farm environment, resulting deadly outbreaks. Composts contain diversity of microorganisms, and some them may be compost-adapted competitive exclusion microorganisms against L. monocytogenes. To understand interactions between compost microflora the pathogen, both dairy- poultry-wastes based composts (

Polygenic prediction of complex trait phenotypes has become important in human genetics, especially the context precision medicine. Recently, Morgante

Gallus gallus (chicken) is phenotypically diverse, with over 60 recognized breeds, among the myriad species within Aves lineage. Domestic chickens have been under artificial selection by humans for thousands of years agricultural purposes. The North American Araucana (NAA) breed arose as a cross between Chilean “Collonocas” that laid blue eggs and was rumpless “Quetros” had unusual tufts but tail. NAAs were introduced from South America in 1940s kept show birds enthusiasts since then due to...

This study aimed to elucidate microbial community changes in response an overloading of fats, oils, and grease (FOG) during anaerobic codigestion with municipal wastewater sludge. Two semicontinuous digesters, one control FOG-fed codigester, were operated for over 300 days. Upon establishing a stable function, defined by consistent methane production several solids retention times (SRT), the FOG codigester was overloaded, resulting stalled duration approximately three SRTs. An increase...

Abstract Background Prenatal exposure to ethanol can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a prevalent, preventable pediatric disorder. Identifying genetic risk alleles for FASD is challenging since time, dose, and frequency of are often unknown, manifestations diverse evident long after exposure. Drosophila melanogaster an excellent model study the basis effects developmental many individuals same genotype be reared under controlled environmental conditions. Results We used 96...