Abstract We describe and illustrate Bayesian inference in models for density estimation using mixtures of Dirichlet processes. These provide natural settings are exemplified by special cases where data modeled as a sample from normal distributions. Efficient simulation methods used to approximate various prior, posterior, predictive This allows direct on variety practical issues, including problems local versus global smoothing, uncertainty about estimates, assessment modality, the numbers...

Dyslexia is now widely believed to be a biologically based disorder that distinct from other, less specific reading problems. According this view, ability considered follow bimodal distribution, with dyslexia as the lower mode. We hypothesized that, instead, follows normal at end of continuum.

Abstract In this article, the Dirichlet process prior is used to provide a nonparametric Bayesian estimate of vector normal means. past there have been computational difficulties with model. This article solves by developing "Gibbs sampler" algorithm. The estimator developed in then compared parametric empirical Bayes estimators (PEB) and (NPEB) Monte Carlo study. study demonstrates that some conditions PEB better than NPEB other PEB. also shows produces estimates are about as good when...

This report concerns the speech and language outcomes of young adults ( N = 242) who participated in a 14-year, prospective, longitudinal study community sample children with n 114) without 128) and/or impairments. Participants were initially identified at age 5 subsequently followed ages 12 19. Direct assessments conducted multiple domains (communicative, cognitive, academic, behavioral, psychiatric) all three time periods. Major findings included (a) high rates continued communication...

Abstract We describe and illustrate Bayesian inference in models for density estimation using mixtures of Dirichlet processes. These provide natural settings are exemplified by special cases where data modeled as a sample from normal distributions. Efficient simulation methods used to approximate various prior, posterior, predictive This allows direct on variety practical issues, including problems local versus global smoothing, uncertainty about estimates, assessment modality, the numbers...

Background: The long‐term academic consequences of childhood language impairment are both theoretically and clinically important. An unbiased appraisal these outcomes, however, requires carefully designed, longitudinal research. Method: A group children first identified as having speech and/or in a community‐based, study at 5 years age matched controls were re‐examined during young adulthood (age 19). comprehensive battery language, cognitive achievement tests, psychiatric interviews,...

Objective: This research examined the long-term outcomes of rehabilitation patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Design: Retrospective cohort study.Setting and subjects: We consecutive records persons who were discharged from a large hospital in Pennsylvania 1973 1989. interviewed consenting participants (n = 306) up 24 years post-injury.Main outcome measures: Self-rated health, activity limitations, employment, living arrangements, marital status, Community...

Motor vehicles emit particulate matter < 2.5 microm in diameter (PM(2.5)), and as a result, PM(2.5) concentrations tend to be elevated near busy streets. Studies of the relationship between motor vehicle emissions respiratory health are generally limited by difficulties exposure assessment. We developed refined model implemented it using geographic information system estimate average daily census enumeration area (EA) PM(2.5). Southeast Toronto, study area, includes 334 EAs covers 16 km(2)...

Abstract In this article, the Dirichlet process prior is used to provide a nonparametric Bayesian estimate of vector normal means. past there have been computational difficulties with model. This article solves by developing "Gibbs sampler" algorithm. The estimator developed in then compared parametric empirical Bayes estimators (PEB) and (NPEB) Monte Carlo study. study demonstrates that some conditions PEB better than NPEB other PEB. also shows produces estimates are about as good when...

The experiences of the development a provincial program to promote blood conservation are herein reported.Transfusion coordinators were placed in 23 Ontario hospitals. Anonymized laboratory and clinical information was collected defined number all consecutive patients admitted for three designated procedures: knee arthroplasty, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (n approximately 1100, 300, 300 at each time period, respectively).Considerable...

Cumulative risk (CR) models provide some of the most robust findings in developmental literature, predicting numerous and varied outcomes. Typically, however, these outcomes are predicted one at a time, across different samples, using concurrent designs, longitudinal designs short duration, or retrospective designs. We that single CR index, applied within sample, would prospectively predict diverse outcomes, i.e., depression, intelligence, school dropout, arrest, smoking, physical disease...

To characterize oculomotor components and diagnostic specificity of eye tracking abnormalities in schizophrenia, we examined a large consecutively admitted series psychotic patients matched controls. The most common abnormality schizophrenic was low gain (slow) pursuit movements (47% cases). Pursuit saccadic movement were no more severe Ss than those with affective psychoses, except that high rates catch-up saccades unique to (17% These findings indicate impaired are major cause impairments...

Increasing evidence suggests that childhood language problems persist into early adulthood. Nevertheless, little is known about how individual and environmental characteristics influence the growth of individuals identified with speech/language problems.Individual curve models were utilised to examine impairment variables (socioeconomic status, family separation, maternal factors) vocabulary development from age 5 25. Participants taken a community sample children initially diagnosed at...

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a primary cause of mortality in developed countries but less known about the impact TBI on postacute large study populations. This investigates rate and predictors (1–9 years after initial injury) severely injured persons with Province Ontario from April 1, 1993 to March 31, 1995. Method: Cases were identified (n = 2,721) Trauma Registry Comprehensive Data Set based lead trauma hospitals province which also provided data predictors. Severely...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, yet little known about how this may affect long-term outcomes unique to women. This research examined the relevant premenopausal women 5-12 years after injury.This was retrospective cohort study at eight participating acute care/rehabilitation facilities. Participants were consecutive eligible with moderate severe TBI. A follow-up interview assessed menstrual functioning, fertility, and pregnancy experiences before as well...

Background Traumatic brain injury is a chronic disease with lifelong consequences. In children, it can affect developmental milestones. Longitudinal data on and long-term healthcare use limited, lack of clarity social determinants health its effects use. This study explores rates use, from birth, up to 10 years after childhood traumatic injury-related visit. Methods findings uses population-based birth cohort individuals born between April 1, 2002 March 31, 2020 Ontario, Canada. A case (TBI...

This cohort study examines incident and subsequent health care visits associated with traumatic brain injury stratified by social determinants of health.