A5064153354- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Forecasting Techniques and Applications
- Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
- Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
- Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Healthcare cost, quality, practices
- Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Complex Systems and Decision Making
- Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Sports Analytics and Performance
University of California, Los Angeles
2015-2025
Anderson University - South Carolina
2014-2024
Pulmagen Therapeutics (United Kingdom)
2016-2022
C4X Discovery (United Kingdom)
2020-2022
Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center
2021
Quality and Reliability (Greece)
2016
RAND Corporation
2016
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
2016
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
2016
Syracuse University
2015
People typically exhibit greater sensitivity to losses than equivalent gains when making decisions. We investigated neural correlates of loss aversion while individuals decided whether accept or reject gambles that offered a 50/50 chance gaining losing money. A broad set areas (including midbrain dopaminergic regions and their targets) showed increasing activity as potential increased. Potential were represented by decreasing in several these same gain-sensitive areas. Finally, individual...
Decision theory distinguishes between risky prospects, where the probabilities associated with possible outcomes are assumed to be known, and uncertain these not known. Studies of choice prospects have suggested a nonlinear transformation probability scale that overweights low underweights moderate high probabilities. The present article extends this notion from risk uncertainty by invoking principle bounded subadditivity: An event has greater impact when it turns impossibility into...
<h3>Importance</h3> Interventions based on behavioral science might reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess effects of interventions and rates (not guideline-concordant) prescribing during ambulatory visits for acute respiratory tract infections. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> Cluster randomized clinical trial conducted among 47 primary care practices in Boston Los Angeles. Participants were 248 enrolled clinicians to receive 0, 1, 2, or 3 18 months....
Abstract Behavioral strategy merges cognitive and social psychology with strategic management theory practice. Despite much progress, the aims boundaries of behavioral remain unclear. In this paper we define identify main unsolved problems. We propose a unifying conceptual framework for conclude by introducing papers Special Issue on Psychological Foundations Strategic Management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
We develop a belief-based account of decision under uncertainty. This model predicts decisions uncertainty from (i) judgments probability, which are assumed to satisfy support theory; and (ii) risk, prospect theory. In two experiments, subjects evaluated uncertain prospects assessed the probability respective events. Study 1 involved 1995 professional basketball playoffs; 2 movement economic indicators in simulated economy. The results both studies consistent with account, but violate...
People often hold extreme political attitudes about complex policies. We hypothesized that people typically know less such policies than they think do (the illusion of explanatory depth) and polarized are enabled by simplistic causal models. Asking to explain in detail both undermined the depth led were more moderate (Experiments 1 2). Although these effects occurred when asked generate a mechanistic explanation, did not occur instead enumerate reasons for their policy preferences...
"Nudges" that influence decision making through subtle cognitive mechanisms have been shown to be highly effective in a wide range of applications, but there few experiments improve clinical practice.To investigate the use behavioral "nudge" based on principle public commitment encouraging judicious antibiotics for acute respiratory infections (ARIs).Randomized trial 5 outpatient primary care clinics. A total 954 adults had ARI visits during study timeframe: 449 patients were treated by...
The authors propose that attempts to increase consumers’ objective knowledge (OK) regarding financial instruments can deter willingness invest when such diminish subjective (SK). In four studies, the use different SK manipulations and investment products show decisions are influenced by SK, independent of OK. Specifically, they find (1) pursue a risky increases is high (vs. low) relative prior choice (Study 1); (2) enroll in retirement saving program enhanced asking consumers an easy...
Many Americans fail to get life-saving vaccines each year, and the availability of a vaccine for COVID-19 makes challenge encouraging vaccination more urgent than ever. We present large field experiment ( N = 47,306) testing 19 nudges delivered patients via text message designed boost adoption influenza vaccine. Our findings suggest that messages sent prior primary care visit can rates by an average 5%. Overall, interventions performed better when they were 1) framed as reminders flu shots...
Clinicians make many patient care decisions each day. The cumulative cognitive demand of these may erode clinicians’ abilities to resist making potentially inappropriate choices. Psychologists, who refer the erosion self-control after repeated as decision fatigue,1,2 have found evidence that it affects nonmedical professionals. For example, court sessions wear on, judges are more likely deny parole, “easier” or “safer” option.3
Decision and risk analysts have considerable discretion in designing procedures for eliciting subjective probabilities. One of the most popular approaches is to specify a particular set exclusive exhaustive events which assessor provides such judgments. We show that assessed probabilities are systematically biased toward uniform distribution over all into relevant state space happens be partitioned, so “partition dependent.” surmise typical begins with an “ignorance prior” assigns equal...
We show that likelihood judgments are biased toward an ignorance-prior probability assigns equal credence to each mutually exclusive event considered by the judge. The value of ignorance prior depends crucially on how set possibilities (i.e., state space) is subjectively partitioned For instance, asking “what Sunday will be hotter than any other day next week?” facilitates a two-fold case partition, (Sunday hotter, not hotter), thus priming 1/2. In contrast, hottest week Sunday?” seven-fold...
Abstract Previous research on capital investment has identified a tendency in multibusiness firms toward cross‐subsidization from well‐performing to poorly performing divisions, phenomenon that previously been attributed principal‐agent conflicts between headquarters and divisions (Stein, 2003 ). In this paper, we argue reflects more general even allocation over all is driven, at least part, by the cognitive naïvely diversify when making decisions (Benartzi Thaler, 2001 We observe also leads...
Functional imaging studies examining the neural correlates of risk have mainly relied on paradigms involving exposure to simple chance gambles and an economic definition as variance in probability distribution over possible outcomes. However, there is little evidence that choices made during gambling tasks predict naturalistic risk-taking behaviors such drug use, extreme sports, or even equity investing. To better understand basis risk-taking, we scanned participants using fMRI while they...
This study examines assesses inappropriate antibiotic prescribing 12 months after stopping a randomized clinical trial of behavioral intervention intended to reduce the rate for acute respiratory infections.