A5031537322- Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Gender Diversity and Inequality
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Cultural Differences and Values
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Resilience and Mental Health
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Mind wandering and attention
- Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Business Law and Ethics
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Educational and Organizational Development
Columbia University
2013-2024
London Business School
2018
Cornell University
2017
Harvard University Press
2008
Little is known about how discrimination manifests before individuals formally apply to organizations or it varies within and between organizations. We address this knowledge gap through an audit study in academia of over 6,500 professors at top U.S. universities drawn from 89 disciplines 259 institutions. In our experiment, were contacted by fictional prospective students seeking discuss research opportunities prior applying a doctoral program. Names randomly assigned signal gender race...
Prior research suggests that altering situation-specific evaluations of stress as challenging versus threatening can improve responses to stress. The aim the current study was explore whether cognitive, physiological and affective be altered independent by changing individuals' mindsets about nature in general.Using a 2 × design, we experimentally manipulated mindset using multi-media film clips orienting participants (N = 113) either enhancing or debilitating We also challenge threat...
Many Americans fail to get life-saving vaccines each year, and the availability of a vaccine for COVID-19 makes challenge encouraging vaccination more urgent than ever. We present large field experiment ( N = 47,306) testing 19 nudges delivered patients via text message designed boost adoption influenza vaccine. Our findings suggest that messages sent prior primary care visit can rates by an average 5%. Overall, interventions performed better when they were 1) framed as reminders flu shots...
Through a field experiment set in academia (with sample of 6,548 professors), we found that decisions about distant-future events were more likely to generate discrimination against women and minorities (relative Caucasian males) than near-future events. In our study, faculty members received e-mails from fictional prospective doctoral students seeking schedule meeting either day or 1 week; students’ names signaled their race (Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Indian, Chinese) gender....
Historical and empirical data have linked artistic creativity to depression other affective disorders. This study examined how vulnerability experiencing negative affect, measured with biological products, intense emotions influenced creativity. The authors assessed participants' baseline levels of an adrenal steroid (dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, or DHEAS), previously depression, as a measure vulnerability. They then manipulated emotional responses by randomly assigning participants...
The dominant cultural valuation of stress is that it bad for me. This leads to regulatory goals reducing or avoiding stress. In this article, we propose an alternative approach-stress optimization-which integrates theory and research on mindset (e.g., Crum, Salovey, & Achor, 2013) reappraisal Jamieson, Mendes, Blackstock, Schmader, 2010) interventions. We further integrate these theories with the extended process model emotion regulation (Gross, 2015). so doing, explain how altering...
Across a field study and four experiments, we examine how social norms scrutiny affect decisions about adding members of underrepresented populations (e.g., women, racial minorities) to groups. When groups are scrutinized, theorize that decision makers strive match the diversity observed in peer due impression management concerns, thereby conforming descriptive norm. We this first context U.S. corporate boards, where firms face pressure increase gender diversity. Analyses S&P 1500 boards...
This research explores vagal flexibility--dynamic modulation of cardiac control--as an individual-level physiological index social sensitivity. In 4 studies, we test the hypothesis that individuals with greater flexibility, operationalized as higher tone at rest and withdrawal (indexed by a decrease in respiratory sinus arrhythmia) during cognitive or attentional demand, perceive social-emotional information more accurately show sensitivity to their context. Study 1 sets foundation for this...
There has been extensive discussion about gender gaps in representation and career advancement the sciences. However, psychological science itself yet to be focus of or systematic review, despite our field’s investment questions equity, status, well-being, bias, disparities. In present article, we consider 10 topics relevant for women’s science. We on issues that have subject empirical study, discuss evidence within outside science, draw established theory social-science research begin chart...
Previous research suggests that cortisol can affect cognitive functions such as memory, decision making, and attentiveness to threat-related cues. Here, we examine whether increases in cortisol, brought on by an acute social stressor, influence making. Eighty-one police officers completed a standardized laboratory stressor then immediately computer simulated decision-making task designed decisions accurately shoot or not armed unarmed Black White targets. Results indicated who had larger the...
Effectively delegating work to others is considered critical managerial success, as it frees up managers' time and develops subordinates' skills. We propose that female leaders are less likely than male capitalize on these benefits of delegating. Although delegation has communal (e.g., relational) agentic assertive) properties, we argue leaders, compared find more difficult delegate tasks due gender-role incongruence. In five studies, draw upon social role backlash theories show women imbue...
Negative social feedback is often a source of distress. However, self-verification theory provides the counterintuitive explanation that negative leads to less distress when it consistent with chronic self-views. Drawing from this work, present study examined impact receiving self-verifying on outcomes largely neglected in prior research: implicit responses (i.e., physiological reactivity, facial expressions) are difficult consciously regulate and downstream behavioral outcomes. In two...
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Purpose To evaluate if nudges delivered by text message prior to an upcoming primary care visit can increase influenza vaccination rates. Design Randomized, controlled trial. Setting Two health systems in the Northeastern US between September 2020 and March 2021. Subjects 74,811 adults. Interventions Patients 19 intervention arms received 1-2 messages 3 days preceding their appointment that varied format, interactivity, content. Measures Influenza vaccination. Analysis Intention-to-treat....
Epidemiological and animal studies often find that higher social status is associated with better physical health outcomes, but these findings are by design correlational lack mediational explanations. In two studies, we examine neurobiological reactivity to test the hypothesis leads salutary short-term psychological, physiological, behavioral responses. Study 1, measured police officers’ subjective had them engage in a stressful task during which cardiovascular neuroendocrine reactivity. 2,...
In the modern workplace, employees are required to be creative under varying stress levels. understanding relationship between and creativity, organizational scholars practitioners have largely focused on how affects cognition, but overlooked role of physiological responses stress. The present paper draws psychophysiological theories highlight that effect performance critically depends whether stress-inducing situations engender "challenge" states (i.e., fluid responses) or "threat"...
Prior research suggests that stress can be harmful in high-stakes contexts such as negotiations. However, few studies actually measure physiologically during negotiations, nor do offer interventions to combat the potential negative effects of heightened physiological responses negotiation contexts. In current research, we evidence cortisol increases on performance reduced through a reappraisal anxiety manipulation. We experimentally induced adaptive appraisals by randomly assigning 97 male...
Significance Past research has focused primarily on demographic and psychological characteristics of group members without taking into consideration the biological make-up groups. Here we introduce a different construct—a group’s collective hormonal profile—and find that profile predicts its standing across groups particular supports dual-hormone hypothesis. Groups with characterized by high testosterone low cortisol exhibit highest performance. The current work provides neurobiological...
Sex/gender differences in personality associated with gender stereotyped behavior are widely studied psychology yet remain a subject of ongoing debate. Exposure to testosterone during developmental periods is considered be primary mediator many sex/gender behavior. Extensions this research has led both lay beliefs and initial about individual basal adulthood relating "masculine" personality. In study, we explored the relationships between testosterone, identity, attributes sample over 400...
There is evidence that altering stress mindset—the belief enhancing vs. debilitating—can change cognitive, affective and physiological responses to stress. However individual differences in responsiveness mindset manipulations have not been explored. Given the previously established role of catecholamines both placebo effects stress, we hypothesized genetic variation catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme metabolizes catecholamines, would moderate intervention intended alter...